Manuevers Flashcards
Slow flight
Have you done a position report? 126.7
HASEL + Clearing turns
In: Carb heat on p15–slowly f10 Tr maintain altitude 60kts p18 Tr right rudder
For 50kts: complete above, f20° Tr right rudder
Out: pFull Carb heat off reduce pitch f20 Tr f10 Tr f0 Tr
1. HASEL CHECK - height, area, secure, engine, lookout. Clearing Turns. Carb heat on
2. Reduce power to 1500 • flaps 10° (below 110 kts.)
3. Increase pitch to maintain altitude as airspeed decreases - TRIM
4. Extend full flaps (in white arc)
5. Upon reaching 60 kts increase power to maintain level flight approx 1900 rpm
6. Maintain coordinated flight (increased right rudder at low speed and high
power setting)
7. Perform straight and level, and turns (20° bank angle or less)
8. Use power to maintain altitude and pitch to maintain airspeed
Recovery
1. Apply full power, carb heat off, flaps 20°, reduce pitch to maintain altitude - TRIM
2. Retract flaps to 10° accelerating through 55 kts - TRIM
3. Retract flaps to 0° accelerating through 60 kts - TRIM
4. Accelerate to normal cruise or as specified and reduce power as necessary.
Turns 15° or as directed. Add power to maintain attitude. Apply rudder to assist the turn and roll out.
Power off stall (Landing stall)
Have you done a position report? 126.7
HASEL + Clearing turns
In:Carb heat on p0 maintain altitude 45-50kts pitch to stall
Out: lower nose p25 Carb heat off cruise altitude
1. HASEL CHECK - height, area, secure, engine, lookout. Clearing turns. Carb heat on
2. Reduce Power to idle. Extend flaps only if requested
3. Apply back pressure to maintain altitude @ 50kts
7. Announce “imminent stall” at stall warning horn.
8. Announce “stall” when stall occurs
Recovery
1. Reduce pitch, full power, wings level with coordinated rudder and aileron. TRIM
2. Stabilize climb out at Vy (74 kts.)
3. Level off as briefed
Power On Stall (Departure Stall)
HASEL +Clearing turns
In:Carb heat on p15 nose up maintain altitude 50kts pitch to stall
Out: recover by lowering nose p25 Carb heat off opposite rudder if one wing falls. Return to cruise configuration
Examiner may roll plane 10°. Keep that ball centered with rudder. If a wing drops do not use the aileron to pick it up. USE OPPOSITE RUDDER
1. HASEL CHECK - height, area, secure, engine, lookout. Clearing turns. Carb heat on
2. Reduce Power to idle. Extend flaps if requested
3. Apply back pressure to maintain altitude @ 50kts
7. Announce “imminent stall” at stall warning horn.
8. Announce “stall” when stall occurs
Recovery
1. Reduce pitch, full power, wings level with coordinated rudder and aileron
2. Retract flaps to 20° establish climb pitch attitude
3. Retract flaps to 10° accelerating through 55 kts TRIM
4. Retract flaps to 0° accelerating through 60 kts TRIM
5. Stabilize climb out at Vy (74 kts.)
6. Level off as briefed
Steep Turns
Have you done a position report? 126.7
HASEL + Clearing turns
- Establish airspeed at 90 kts approx 2200 rpm. Note heading (outside visual reference point) and altitude. Take your time to set this right.
- Initiate turn by rolling into a 30° bank turn
- add back pressure and increase engine power 100rpm,
- increase bank to 45° (halfway between 30° and 60° Attitude Indicator tick marks)
- Continuous scan (look outside 3s then a quick 1s instrument scan: VSI, altimeter, airspeed indicator)
- Start your rollout approx 20° before final heading
- Reduce power and pitch as necessary to maintain altitude and airspeed (90 kts)
Reference Air speeds/KIAS
Vne=163
Vno=129
172N Va= 80 KIAS @ min weight 1600lbs
97 KIAS @ max weight 2300lbs
Vs=47
Vso=41
Vfe=85 F20° 100kt F10°
Vr=55
Vx=59
Vy=73
Best Glide flaps up 65kt
Precautionary Landings
Emergency: Deteriorating weather? Visibility? Lost? Low Fuel? Gradual engine trouble?
Non-Emergency: landing at an unfamiliar aerodrome, surface is unknown
Short on time? Omit high level pass.
Mechanical issues / carb ice? Omit low level pass.
Pick best field. COWLS. Distress call. Pax brief. Fly high pass. Slow down. Fly low pass. Inspect surface report go no go Overshoot. Complete circuit, turn base final and soft field land
Slow down to 90kts. TRIM. COWLS, fly to field. Pan-Pan radio call. Passenger brief. Give yourself plenty of room away from the target field. Fly one circuit. Slow to 65kts, descend to 500’. Report surface go /no go. Overshoot to circuit height, last checks on downwind. Turn base final and soft field land
DETAIL
1. Choose landing area. COWLS Check: (Civilization, Obstacles, Wind, Length, Surface)
2. Fly to landing area. Think flying a circuit. Approach downwind or overhead for mid-left downwind entry Pick turn points (cross, down, base, final) like an aerodrome. Call out what you see.
3. 126.7 Radio call: Pan-Pan Pan-Pan Pan-Pan, GJUF, location, situation, landing ina farmer’s field, Pan-Pan Pan-Pan Pan-Pan GJUF
3. Descend to 1000’ AGL. Complete a High level circuit at 1000’ AGL.
4. Configure plane for slow flight when at downwind- base turn. Slow down to 70kts. Flaps 10°/ 20° Carb heat on. TRIM At this speed you cover 100’ a second. 20s is 2000’. Start electronic timer in plane when abeam runway.
5. Next circuit descend to 500’AGL complete a Low level pass and examine surface report on surface, verbalize decision to GO/NO GO.
6. Overshoot ( full throttle, carb heat off, 60kt retract flaps and climb back up to 1000AGL
7. Pax briefing. Pre-landing check. Perform a soft field landing. Examiner will tell you to overshoot
Forced landing
DME will pull power to idle
A B C D E F
Airspeed. Best Glide. Cause Restart. Distress Call. Emergency Pax Brief. Shutdown. Final Check.
LOOK FOR THE BEST FIELD WHILE TRIMMING FOR 65kt. Scan to your left clockwise to find a field forward. You don’t want to turn back unless you have an excellent field near you.
- Best glide by trimming for 65kts. Carb heat on. Select Field and Plan Approach. Into the windBlip throttle every 500’ to warm engine. Fly a 360’ landing pattern. 500’/min ? Hit your 2400/1400/800/500 targets.
-
Cause check. (Botom right to top left)
- Fuel selector on (left/right)
- Mixture Rich
- Carb Heat on/off
- Fuses
- Magneto on ( Check L & R)
- Primer in and locked
- Master On
- Check engine vitals: Temperature & Pressure
ATTEMPT TO RESTART -
Distress Radio Call
MAYDAY MAYDAY MAYDAY GJUF GJUF GJUF
- We have an engine failure. X miles NE
- landing in a farmers field.
- # people onboard
- Ident, frequency you are on or use 121.5.
- Squawk 7700 -
Emergency PASSENGER BRIEF
- let passengers know to remain calm, put away loose objects, put their seat back, seat belts on, stay clear of controls. Identify ELT, fire extinguisher,
- unlatch door just prior to touchdown
Final Check / Shut Down check. Bottom right to top left:
- Fuel Off
- Throttle: close
- Mixture idle cut off
- Magnetos Off
- Flaps set for landing
- Master off
LAND THE PLANE. Soft field if applicable
High Key / Low Key landing approach
Enter turn abeam threshold where we have chosen our landing spot.
The altitude should be a standard rate two minute turn (600fpm) plus 200’ fudge factor equals about 1400’ AGL.
PEI High / Low / Base Key is 1400’ / 800’ / 500’ ASL’
Toronto PA High / Low / Base Key is 3000’ / 2400’ / 2100’ ASL
Turn to the left so that the pilot sitting in the left seat has the best view.
Low Key is halfway around the turn, about a minute from the high key position.
Final Key will be around 500’AGL.
NEVER LOOSE SIGHT OF THE FIELD
2200’-2400’ Perform two full turns
1400’-2000’ Split extra altitude by two. Loose excess on upwind from high key, complete half turn and return to low key. Aiming for 800’. Do what you can to make 800’ otherwise inform the examiner you will perform a slipping turn to work off the excess altitude.
Lower than 1400’ make a tighter turn (30°AoB) Risk of crowding your landing area and more difficult to have a nice stable approach.
Strong winds stay closer to the touchdown area as your glide distance on final will be reduced
Diversions
Don’t hesitate to fly around to know exactly where you are.
Reset heading indicator
Put the starting point in front of you. Use a set heading point technique
Circle Circle Line
Track Distance Time
M — F — C
We will be fine
- Note time and point of diversion. Configure plane for 90kts. Lean. Fly
- Determine your position and circle on VNC where you are. Fly
- Determine the alternate destination airport and circle on VNC. Fly
- Plot the course on the VNC and estimate the heading to fly to destination. Circle -Circle - Line
a. Measure the total distance to the alternate. Finger width is approx 5NM
b. Estimate time 2/3 of distance. ETE, ETA to alternate.
c. Fly to set heading point. Note starting time.
d. M MEF (Max. Elevation Figure) Check if current attitude is safe to clear obstacles en-route
F Fuel - Determine if adequate fuel to reach destination
C Check Point Choose and mark obvious landmark(s) as check point
Estimate distance (1/2 or 1/3 of the route), time and update ETA
We will be fine
** Read from ground to map to verify current location. Describe ground features to show that the aircraft is on the right track to destination. **
d. Amend flight plan as necessary.
5. Close flight plan after landing.
VFR Must fly cruising orders - certain - East is odd
0° -179° magnetic odd thousand plus 500. 3500 5500
180° - 359° magnetic even thousand plus 500. Ie 4500 6500
Set freq of your radios
Make position report
Unusual Attitudes
LOOK AT ATTITUDE INDICATOR. if you are pitched down pull throttle idle. If you are pitched up, push throttle to the firewall
Spiral Dive Recovery
Recognize scenario: nose down, steep bank, increasing vertical speed (VSI), airspeed rapidly increasing (ASI)
1. Immediately: pIDLE Carb heat on, level wings (coordinated with rudder)
2. Gently ease out of dive. Once 100kts is achieved return power to 2100 and resume cruise at 90
Spiral Stall
Recognize scenario: nose up, bank, decreasing vertical speed
1. Immediately: pFull and level wings, rudder
2. Gently ease out of dive. Once cruise attitude is achieved return to cruise
Hood
When wearing the hood, before a manoeuvre, ask Am I clear to turn?
Spiral Dive Recovery
Spiral dive recognition:
speed rapidly increasing! Losing altitude rapidly! forces increasing
Recovery:
Quickly in three distinct movements: power idle + carb heat on, roll wings level with rudder! Up elevator to ease out of the dive. Once below 100kts, slowly bring in power and add remove carb heat. Target cruise of 90kt
Throttle movements are always 3 seconds to full, never firewall it
Overshoot / Balked Landing
Overshoot ( full throttle, carb heat off, 20° immediately, 55kts, climb above obstacle, 60kt retract flaps. and climb back up to 1000AGL
