Manualism And Proportionalism Flashcards
What is Proportionalism?
Proportionalism is an ethical theory that allows for moral decision-making based on a balance between moral rules and the specific circumstances of each situation, emphasizing that rules can be broken if a proportionate reason justifies it.
What evidence is there to support proportionalism ?
-This approach stems from a response to the rigid, deontological nature of traditional Natural Moral Law, which often fails to address moral complexities. Richard McCormick, a key figure in Proportionalist thought, asserted, “…the moral life cannot be reduced to a set of casuistic rules that dictate action without regard for the circumstances.”
-Proportionalism, therefore, enables moral agents to consider context and outcomes when making decisions. For instance, if someone steals to save their life from starvation, Proportionalism could justify the action due to the proportionate reason of preserving life, while traditional NML would hold that stealing is inherently wrong.
How could proptionalism be applied to killing?(strength)
-Proportionalism maintains that certain moral rules, derived from natural law, are essential for guiding behavior. However, unlike strict deontological interpretations, it recognizes that human life often involves conflicting values and complex situations.
-This theory asserts that while moral rules are significant, their application can be adjusted in light of unique circumstances. For example, the principle “Do not kill” may be overridden in cases of self-defense, where the preservation of life takes precedence over adhering strictly to the rule against killing. This understanding aligns with the perspective of Proportionalist thinker Kevin Hoose, who stated, “It is never right to go against a principle unless there is a proportionate reason which would justify it.”
-By integrating proportionate reasons into moral decision-making, Proportionalism allows moral agents to navigate complex moral scenarios with careful consideration of context, consequences, and the greater good. This approach ensures that moral decisions remain principled while also being relevant and applicable to the multifaceted nature of human life.
How would Aquinas critique proportionalism?
-Aquinas would likely critique Proportionalism for its potential to undermine the absoluteness of moral laws, which he believed were grounded in the natural order and ultimately stemmed from God.
-Aquinas argued that moral laws are derived from the eternal law, which is unchanging and reflects God’s will. For him, the secondary precepts of Natural Law—such as “do not kill” or “do not steal”—are binding and should not be overridden lightly, as they are necessary for the proper functioning of society and the moral order.
-Aquinas stated, “The natural law is nothing else than the rational creature’s participation in the eternal law”
-Allowing moral rules to be overridden would risk deviating from the divine purpose and beatific vision, as it opens the door for actions that may lead one further away from God’s will.
