Manual Muscle Testing (MMT)

Question 1

Scapular Elevation - Muscles tested

Answer 1

Upper trapezius, Levator Scapulae

Question 2

Scapular Elevation - Gravity Resisted Position

Answer 2

SEATED; Shoulders slightly abducted, elbows flex 90 degrees

Question 3

Scapular Elevation - Gravity Eliminated Position

Answer 3

PRONE, UE at side. Therapist supports weight of UE

Question 4

Scapular Adduction - Muscle Tested

Answer 4

Middle trapezius

Question 5

Scapular Adduction - Gravity Resisted Position

Answer 5

PRONE, shoulder abd 90 degress and ER; elbow extend

Question 6

Scapular Adduction Gravity Eliminated Position

Answer 6

SEATED, shoulder abd 90 degrees and ER, elbow extend (supported)

Question 7

Scapular Adduction and Medial (down) rotation - muscle tested

Answer 7

Rhomboid Major/Minor

Question 8

Scapular Adduction & Medial (down) rotation - Gravity Resisted position

Answer 8

PRONE, hand behind back over upper buttock

Question 9

Scapular Adduction & Medial (down) rotation - Gravity Eliminated Position

Answer 9

SEATED, hand behind back over buttock

Question 10

Shoulder Flexion 0-90 degrees - Muscle tested

Answer 10

Anterior Deltoid

Question 11

Shoulder Flexion 0-90 degrees - Gravity Resisted Position

Answer 11

SEATED, arm at side, elbow extended, palm facing medially

Question 12

Shoulder Flexion 0-90 degrees - Gravity Eliminated Position

Answer 12

SIDELYING, arm at side, elbow extended, forearm neutral; test top arm (supported)

Question 13

Shoulder Extension in IR - Muscles tested

Answer 13

Latissimus Dorsi, TERES MAJOR, Posterior Deltoid, triceps

Question 14

Shoulder Extension in IR - Gravity Resistance Position

Answer 14

PRONE, arm at side, elbow extended, shoulder IR

Question 15

Shoulder Extension in IR - Gravity Eliminated Position

Answer 15

SIDELYING, arm at side, elbow extended, shoulder IR; test top arm (supported)

Question 16

Shoulder Abduction 0-90 degrees - Muscles tested

Answer 16

Middle Deltoid, Supraspinatus

Question 17

Shoulder Abduction 0-90 degrees - Gravity Resistance Position

Answer 17

SEATED, UE joints in neutral rotation, elbow extended

Question 18

Shoulder Abduction 0-90 degrees - Gravity Eliminated Position

Answer 18

SUPINE UE resting at side (supported)

Question 19

Shoulder Horizontal Abduction - Muscle tested

Answer 19

Posterior Deltoid

Question 20

Shoulder Horizontal Abduction - Gravity Resistance Position

Answer 20

PRONE, shoulder adb 75 degrees, elbow flex 90 degree, forearm hanging vertically

Question 21

Shoulder Horizontal Abduction - Gravity Eliminated Position

Answer 21

SEATED, shoulder abducted 60-80 degrees, elbow flexed (supported)

Question 22

Shoulder Horizontal Adduction - Muscle tested

Answer 22

Pectoralis Major (sternal & clavicular heads)

Question 23

Shoulder Horizontal Adduction - Gravity Resistance Position

Answer 23

SUPINE, shoulder abd 90 degrees elbow flex 90 degrees

Question 24

Shoulder horizontal adduction: Gravity Eliminated position

Answer 24

SEATED, shoulder abducted 60-80 degrees elbow flexed (supported)

Question 25

Shoulder Internal Rotation - Muscles tested

Answer 25

SUBSCAPULARIS, Pectoral Major, Latissimus Dorsi, Teres Major, Anterior Deltoid

Question 26

Shoulder Internal Rotation - Gravity Resisted Position

Answer 26

PRONE, shoulder abd 90 degrees, elbow flex 90 degrees, arm proximal to elbow is resting on plinth

Question 27

Shoulder Internal Rotation - Gravity Eliminated Position

Answer 27

SEATED, shoulder slightly abducted in neutral rotation, elbow flex 90 degrees (supported)

Question 28

Shoulder External Rotation - Muscles tested

Answer 28

Infraspinatus, Teres Minor, Posterior deltoid

Question 29

Shoulder External Rotation - Gravity Resisted Position

Answer 29

PRONE, shoulder abd 90 degrees, elbow flex 90 degrees, arm proximal to elbow is resting on plinth

Question 30

Shoulder External Rotation - Gravity Eliminated Position

Answer 30

SEATED, shoulder slightly abducted in neutral rotation, elbow flex 90 degrees (supported)