Manual Material Handling Flashcards
When assessing the hazards of MMH operations, what 4 things should you consider?
- the load
- the task
- the environment in which the task is performed
- the operator
What are some reasons why a load may be considered hazardous?
- weight, size, shape
- coupling (type of grip and load)
- slippery or damaged surfaces
- absent or inappropriate handles
- imbalance
Reduce the weight of the load by decreasing what?
the size of the object, the weight/capacity of the container, or the load in the container
How can you decrease the load on the worker?
- limit the # of objects he/she is required to handle during the day
- designating heavier loads as team lifts
- changing the size and shape of the load so that the worker can get closer to the load’s COG
The method of handling may be hazardous when it involves what?
Lifting or lowering, carrying, pushing or pulling:
- repetitively, quickly for extended periods of time
- while seated or kneeling
- an inability to get close to the load
- positioned too low or high
- multiple handling requirements
How can you eliminate the need to lift or lower manually?
lift trucks, cranes, hoists, conveyors, power lift tailgates, portable ramps or conveyors
How can you make loads easier to push or pull?
carts, dollies, handles on loads, mechanical aids
Carrying and holding forces can be reduced by doing what?
- Evaluating workflow and determining if heavy loads can be moved mechanically over any distance
- Converting the operation into a push or pull
- Provide carts, slings or trolleys
- Providing grips or handles on loads
- Limiting the distance over which the load is moved
What are some points to consider when designing MMH work stations?
- Can store and handle all material between knuckle and shoulder height; waist height is most desirable
- Can begin and end handling at same height
- Can face the load and handle materials as close to the body as possible
- Do not have to handle loads using awkward postures or an extended reach, and do not handle loads in confined spaces that prevent them from using good body mechanics
With regards to MMH, what is the best method of training?
On the job demonstrations and practice sessions are the best
What are the three objectives or MH training?
Teach the worker:
- How to identify hazardous loads or handling tasks
- The proper selection and use of mechanical handling aids
- Safe postures and manual lifting techniques to minimize strain
_____ _____ ____ ____ is a method that can be used to estimate acceptable loads based on an individual’s perceptions of what they can handle safely and without fatigue.
Psychophysical Snook-Liberty Mutual Tables
What variables were controlled for in the Liberty Mutual/Snook Tables
frequency height size shape of load distance simulated 8 hr day
How was weight chosen in the Liberty Mutual/Snook Table research?
Workers were trained and they chose the weight for lift, push, pull and carry. They were asked to choose a load that they could work as hard as possible without strain or fatigue.
Look the th PPCC worksafe
:)
THIS IS A QUESTION (BE GOOD AT IT)
What are push/pull forces affected by?
- Worker’s body weight and strength
- Height of force application (for example, height of handles)
- Distance from the worker’s body at which the force is applied
- Size, shape, and weight of the load
- Amount of friction or grip between the floor and the worker’s shoes
- Distance over which the object is pushed or pulled
- Frequency of the push/pull task
- The initial force needed to get the object moving is usually much greater than the continuous (sustained) force required to keep that object moving.
What are carrying forces affected by?
- Holding time (determined mainly by the distance the object is carried)
- Type of grip
- Height of the carry
- Size, weight, and shape of the object (wide objects are more awkward to carry)
- Grade of the floor
- Frequency of the carry
When assessing the risk for pushing pulling or carrying, you should determine the weakest link in the task. What is usually the weakest link?
The grasping forces and shoulder muscle strength, not the legs or back.
In the PPCC, what are the 4 steps you have to fill in to get an answer?
- Height of the hands while pushing
- Percentage of the population that can perform the push
- Distance of push
- Frequency
In the PPCC, what 2 results are you given?
- Suggested Max Initial Force
2. Suggested Max Sustained Force
What does NIOSH stand for?
National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health
What are the four scientific criteria used for developing NIOSH guidelines for safe and non-fatiguing manual lifting?
- Epidemiology
- injury statistics relating task characteristics to the risk of injury - Biomechanics:
- the forces that cause injury - Physiology:
- the capacity to perform work for extended periods of time - Psychophysics:
- our ability to accurately perceive biomechanical and physiological
loading.
The NIOSH Lifting Equation does not apply if what occurs?
Lifting/Lowering:
- with one Hand
- for over 8 hours
- while seated or kneeling
- in a restricted work space
- unstable objects
- While carrying, pushing or pulling
- With wheelbarrows or shovels
- With high speed motion (faster than 30 inches/second)
- Unreasonable foot/floor coupling
- In an unfavourable environment
What are the classifications for NIOSH? What do you do if you cant decide for sure?
Good, fair, poor.
Default to a more stressful classification.
