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EPHE 456 - Midterm > Manual Material Handling > Flashcards

Manual Material Handling Flashcards

1
Q

When assessing the hazards of MMH operations, what 4 things should you consider?

A
  • the load
  • the task
  • the environment in which the task is performed
  • the operator
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2
Q

What are some reasons why a load may be considered hazardous?

A
  • weight, size, shape
  • coupling (type of grip and load)
  • slippery or damaged surfaces
  • absent or inappropriate handles
  • imbalance
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3
Q

Reduce the weight of the load by decreasing what?

A

the size of the object, the weight/capacity of the container, or the load in the container

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4
Q

How can you decrease the load on the worker?

A
  • limit the # of objects he/she is required to handle during the day
  • designating heavier loads as team lifts
  • changing the size and shape of the load so that the worker can get closer to the load’s COG
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5
Q

The method of handling may be hazardous when it involves what?

A

Lifting or lowering, carrying, pushing or pulling:

  • repetitively, quickly for extended periods of time
  • while seated or kneeling
  • an inability to get close to the load
  • positioned too low or high
  • multiple handling requirements
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6
Q

How can you eliminate the need to lift or lower manually?

A

lift trucks, cranes, hoists, conveyors, power lift tailgates, portable ramps or conveyors

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7
Q

How can you make loads easier to push or pull?

A

carts, dollies, handles on loads, mechanical aids

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8
Q

Carrying and holding forces can be reduced by doing what?

A
  • Evaluating workflow and determining if heavy loads can be moved mechanically over any distance
  • Converting the operation into a push or pull
  • Provide carts, slings or trolleys
  • Providing grips or handles on loads
  • Limiting the distance over which the load is moved
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9
Q

What are some points to consider when designing MMH work stations?

A
  • Can store and handle all material between knuckle and shoulder height; waist height is most desirable
  • Can begin and end handling at same height
  • Can face the load and handle materials as close to the body as possible
  • Do not have to handle loads using awkward postures or an extended reach, and do not handle loads in confined spaces that prevent them from using good body mechanics
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10
Q

With regards to MMH, what is the best method of training?

A

On the job demonstrations and practice sessions are the best

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11
Q

What are the three objectives or MH training?

A

Teach the worker:

  1. How to identify hazardous loads or handling tasks
  2. The proper selection and use of mechanical handling aids
  3. Safe postures and manual lifting techniques to minimize strain
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12
Q

_____ _____ ____ ____ is a method that can be used to estimate acceptable loads based on an individual’s perceptions of what they can handle safely and without fatigue.

A

Psychophysical Snook-Liberty Mutual Tables

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13
Q

What variables were controlled for in the Liberty Mutual/Snook Tables

A 
frequency
height
size
shape of load
distance
simulated 8 hr day
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14
Q

How was weight chosen in the Liberty Mutual/Snook Table research?

A

Workers were trained and they chose the weight for lift, push, pull and carry. They were asked to choose a load that they could work as hard as possible without strain or fatigue.

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15
Q

Look the th PPCC worksafe

A

:)

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16
Q

THIS IS A QUESTION (BE GOOD AT IT)

What are push/pull forces affected by?

A
  • Worker’s body weight and strength
  • Height of force application (for example, height of handles)
  • Distance from the worker’s body at which the force is applied
  • Size, shape, and weight of the load
  • Amount of friction or grip between the floor and the worker’s shoes
  • Distance over which the object is pushed or pulled
  • Frequency of the push/pull task
  • The initial force needed to get the object moving is usually much greater than the continuous (sustained) force required to keep that object moving.
17
Q

What are carrying forces affected by?

A
  • Holding time (determined mainly by the distance the object is carried)
  • Type of grip
  • Height of the carry
  • Size, weight, and shape of the object (wide objects are more awkward to carry)
  • Grade of the floor
  • Frequency of the carry
18
Q

When assessing the risk for pushing pulling or carrying, you should determine the weakest link in the task. What is usually the weakest link?

A

The grasping forces and shoulder muscle strength, not the legs or back.

19
Q

In the PPCC, what are the 4 steps you have to fill in to get an answer?

A
  1. Height of the hands while pushing
  2. Percentage of the population that can perform the push
  3. Distance of push
  4. Frequency
20
Q

In the PPCC, what 2 results are you given?

A
  1. Suggested Max Initial Force

2. Suggested Max Sustained Force

21
Q

What does NIOSH stand for?

A

National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health

22
Q

What are the four scientific criteria used for developing NIOSH guidelines for safe and non-fatiguing manual lifting?

A
  1. Epidemiology
    - injury statistics relating task characteristics to the risk of injury
  2. Biomechanics:
    - the forces that cause injury
  3. Physiology:
    - the capacity to perform work for extended periods of time
  4. Psychophysics:
    - our ability to accurately perceive biomechanical and physiological
    loading.
23
Q

The NIOSH Lifting Equation does not apply if what occurs?

A

Lifting/Lowering:

  • with one Hand
  • for over 8 hours
  • while seated or kneeling
  • in a restricted work space
  • unstable objects
  • While carrying, pushing or pulling
  • With wheelbarrows or shovels
  • With high speed motion (faster than 30 inches/second)
  • Unreasonable foot/floor coupling
  • In an unfavourable environment
24
Q

What are the classifications for NIOSH? What do you do if you cant decide for sure?

A

Good, fair, poor.

Default to a more stressful classification.

25
Q

Learn the decision free for NIOSH.

A

Slide 30

26
Q

What is step 1 of the NIOSH?

A

Involves measuring 12 specific task variables

27
Q

What is step 2 of the NIOSH?

A

Involves determining the value multipliers from calculation or table and
computing the RWL for both
the origin and the destination

28
Q

What is Step 3 of the NIOSH?

A

calculating the lifting index for both the origin and the destination

29
Q

The lifting index is a multiple of the ___ and an indication of what?

A

RWL

lift risk

30
Q

What is a good score?

A

Below 1 is below RWL, above 1 is above RWL

31
Q

Based on score, what does NIOSH provide?

A

design/redesign suggestions

EPHE 456 - Midterm (6 decks)

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