Manual Handling

Question 1

3 main functions of spine

Answer 1

supports upper body, head and arms.
Supports a significant amount of weight.
Encloses and protects the spinal cord

Question 2

Spine (number of bones) and regions

Answer 2

26
Cervical curve (7 vertebrae)
Thoracic curve (12 thoracic vertebrae)
Lumbar curve ( 5 lumbar vertebrae)
5 Sacrum
4 fused bone Coccyx

Question 3

Intervertebral discs

Answer 3

separate the vertebrae, composed of cartilage, allow movement, fibrous outer layer and fluid centre, compressed and act as shock absorbers

Question 4

Facet joints

Answer 4

at the back of the spine and between the vertebrae (sliding joints), restricts discs form excessive twisting and bending

Question 5

Spinal ligaments

Answer 5

tough fibrous tissue, connects bones, pass across facet joints and between vertebrae, non-elastic, prevents excessive movement of joints, requires a good blood supply

Question 6

Skeletal muscles - overview

Answer 6

attached to bones by tendons, act in pairs,

Question 7

Static muscle engagement

Answer 7

using muscle but not moving, blood flow is restricted, cutting off oxygen and nutrients and causing build-up of waste products. Causes rapid muscle fatigue and increased risk of injury