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APMLE LEA > Manual 83-89: Muscles of Leg > Flashcards

Manual 83-89: Muscles of Leg Flashcards

1
Q

deep fascia of leg

A

crural fascia

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2
Q

attachements to crural fascia

A
  • patella
  • patellar ligament
  • tibial tuberosity
  • condyles of tibia
  • head of fibula
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3
Q

the crural fascia receives fibers from tendons of ..

A

biceps femoris
SGT - sartorius, gracillis, semitendinosus
semimembranosus

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4
Q

describe the subcutaneous periosteum of tibia

A
  • continuous with deep fascia anteriorly

- thicker proximally and thinner distally

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5
Q

what distally forms the retinacula of the ankle

A

subcutaneous periosteum of tibia

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6
Q

what muscles take partial origin from subcutaneous periosteum of tibia

A
  • tibialis anterior

- extensor digitorum longus

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7
Q

the deep surface of the subcutaneous periosteum of tibia give rise to…

A

anteriro intermuscular septa and posterior intermuscular septa and deep transverse fascia

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8
Q

separates the peroneus longus and brevis from each other and from muscles of anterior and posterior crural compartments

A

anterior and posterior intermuscular septa

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9
Q

muscles of anterior crural compatment

A
  • tibialis anterior
  • extensor hallucis longus
  • extensor hallucis capsularis
  • extensor digitorum longus
  • peroneus tertius
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10
Q

what m covers the anterior tibial vessels and deep peroneal n (as courses distally in leg)

A

TA

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11
Q

origin of TA

A
  • lateral condyle tibia
  • upper 2/3 lateral surface of tibia
  • interosseous membrane
  • deep crural fascia
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12
Q

insertion of TA

A
  • medial cuneiform (medial plantar surface)

- base of 1st met (medial plantar surface)

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13
Q

innervation of TA

A

deep peroneal n

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14
Q

functions of TA

A
  • inversion ankle
  • dorsiflexion ankle
  • supination (adduction, inverison, plantarflexion) intertarsal jts
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15
Q

distally the anterior tibial vessels and deep peroneal n lie between ______ and TA

A

EHL

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16
Q

origin EHL

A
  • middle 2/3 anterior surface of fibula (medial to EDL origin)
  • itnerosseous membrane (accessory origin)
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17
Q

insertion EHL

A
  • base of distal phalanx 1st digit (crest)

- base of 1st met (additional slip_

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18
Q

innervation EHL

A

deep peroneal n

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19
Q

functions EHL

A
  • extend 1st MTPJ
  • dorsiflex ankle
  • supination at intertarsal jt
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20
Q

origin extensor hallucis capsularis

A
  • EHL tendon
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21
Q

insertion extensor hallucis capsularis

A

medial surface of capsule of 1st MPJ

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22
Q

function of extensor hallucis capsularis

A
  • lifts capsule out of joint to prevent entrapment of capsule in joint on extension
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23
Q

lateral extreme of anterior crural compartment

A

extensor digitorum longus

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24
Q

origin EDL

A
  • lateral condyle of fibula
  • head of fibula
  • upper 3/4 anterior surface of fibula
  • interosseous membrane
  • deep fascia
  • anterior intermuscular septum (separating m from peroneus longus)
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25
Q

what separates the EDL from peroneus longus

A

anterior intermuscular septum

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26
Q

insertion of EDL

A

extensor expansions of digits 2-5

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27
Q

innervation of EDL

A

deep peroneal n

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28
Q

functions EDL

A
  • extend MTPJ (4 lateral digits)
  • dorsiflexion ankle
  • eversion ankle
  • pronation (abduction and eversion) (intertarsal joints)
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29
Q

the peroneus tertius is considered part of what m

A

extensor digitorum longus

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30
Q

origin peroneus tertius

A
  • lower 1/3 anterior surface fibula
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31
Q

insertion peroneus tertius

A
  • base of 5th met (passes with EDL tendon)
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32
Q

innervation peroneus tertius

A

deep peoneal n

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33
Q

function peroneus tertius

A
  • dorsiflexion ankle
  • eversion ankle
  • pronation intertarsal joints
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34
Q

all anterior compartment m are innervated by …

A

deep peroneal n

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35
Q

muscles of lateral crural compartment

A

peroneus longus

peroneus brevis

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36
Q

most superficial m in lateral crural compartment

A

peroneus longus

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37
Q

where does the common peroneal n enter the anterior compartment

A

between attachments of peroneus longus to fibular head and body

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38
Q

origin of peroneus longus

A
  • lateral condyle tibia
  • head fibula
  • upper 2/3, lateral surface fibula
  • crural fascia
  • both intermuscular septa
39
Q

insertion of peroneus longus

A
  • base of 1st met (lateral plantar side)
  • medial cuneiform (lateral plantar side)
  • base of 2nd met (occasional accessory insertion)
40
Q

function peroneus longus

A
  • plantar flexion ankle
  • eversion ankle
  • pronation intertarsal jt
41
Q

describe the course of peroneus longus

A
  • ends in long tendon and passes posterior to lateral malleolus with tendon of peroneus brevis
  • goes deep to superior peoneal retinaculum and passes across calcaneus distal to peoneal trochlea and under the inferior peroneal retinaculum
  • lateral then medial side of cuboid
  • goes under long plantar ligament to its insertions
42
Q

sesamoid bone located in tendon of peroneus longus near the cuboid

A

os peroneum

43
Q

m found deep to peroneus longus

A

peroneus brevis

44
Q

origin of the peroneus brevis

A
  • lower 2/3, lateral surface of fibula
  • crural fascia
  • both intermuscular fascia
45
Q

insertion of the peroneus brevis

A
  • tuberosity of 5th met
46
Q

innervation of peroneus brevis

A

superficial peroneal n

47
Q

function peroneus brevis

A
  • plantarflex ankle
  • evert ankle
  • pronate intertarsal jt
48
Q

all lateral compartment m are innervated by ..

A

superficial peroneal n.

49
Q

course of peroneus brevis

A
  • tendon passes posterior to lateral malleolus

- anteriro to tendon of peroneus longus and inserts

50
Q

variations in lateral crural compartment

A
  • two m are sometimes fused
  • slips from peroneus longus can go to.. base of 3-5th met and adductor hallucis
  • peroneus accessories m originating from fibula, between longus and brevis with tendon joining longus
  • peroneus digit minimi may be a separate m
51
Q

how often is a peoneus quartus present

A

10-15%

  • arises on fibula, b/w peoneus brevis and flexor hallucis longus
  • inserts on peroneal trochlea of calcaneus or tuberosity of cuboid
52
Q

superficial posterior crural m group

A

gastrocnemius
soleus
plantaris

53
Q

medial head gastroc origin

A
  • medial condyle femur (proximal and posterior part)

- posterior to adductor tubercle

54
Q

lateral head gastroc origin

A
  • lateral condyle femur (depression on lateral side)
55
Q

insertion gastroc

A
  • two heads approach midline at tendinous raphe
  • aponeurosis tapers distally and joins soleus m to form tendocalcaneus
  • tendocalcaneus inserts central part, posterior surface of calcaneus
56
Q

innervation gastroc

A

tibial n

57
Q

functions gastroc

A
  • plantarflex ankle
  • supination (adduction and inversion) (intertarsal jts)
  • flex knee
58
Q

gastroc and soleus =

A

triceps surae

59
Q

origin soleus

A
  • head and body, posterior surface of fibula
  • soleal line, middle 1/3 tibia
  • tendinosus arc b/w tibia and fibula
60
Q

what passes under the tendinous arch between tibia and fibula

A

politeal vessels and tibial n

61
Q

insertion soleus

A

tendocalcaneus, into calcaneus

62
Q

innervation soleus

A

tibial n

63
Q

functions soleus

A

plantarflex ankle

64
Q

tendon found b/w gastroc and soleus

A

plantaris

- runs along MEDIAL border of tendocalcaneus

65
Q

how often is plantaris absent

A

10%

66
Q

origin plantaris

A
  • lataeral supracondylar line (femur)

- oblique popliteal ligament

67
Q

insertion plantaris

A
  • medial side, posterior surface of calcaneus

- tendocalcaneus occasionally

68
Q

innervation plantaris

A

tibial n

69
Q

functions plantaris

A
  • plantarflex ankle

- flex knee

70
Q

separates superficial and deep posterior crural muscles

A

deep transverse fascia

71
Q

deep group posterior muscles

A

popliteus
FHL
FDL
TP tibialis posterior

72
Q

origin popliteus m

A
  • groove on lateral condyle femur
  • arcuate popliteal ligament
  • lateral meniscus
73
Q

insertion popliteus m

A

body of tibia, proximal to soleal line

74
Q

innervation popliteus

A

tibial n

75
Q

functions popliteus

A
  • flex knee
  • rotate knee
WB = rotates thigh laterally
NWB = rotates leg medially
76
Q

origin FHL

A
  • distal 2/3 posterior surface fibula
  • interosseous membrane
  • posterior intermuscular septum
77
Q

insertion FHL

A

base of distal phalanx, 1st digit

78
Q

innervation FHL

A

tibial n

79
Q

functions FHL

A
  • flex (interphalangeal jt, 1st digit)
  • plantarflex ankle
  • supination at intertarsal jts
80
Q

course of FHL

A
  • tendon passes in groove, posterior surface distal tibia
  • over posterior surface talus
  • over inferior sruface of sustentaculum tali
  • goes to sole of foot b/w two heads of FHB to its insertion
81
Q

origin FDL

A

proximal 2/3 of body - posterior surface, medial to vertical lien, below soleal line on tibia

82
Q

insertion FDL

A

bases, distal phalanges, digits 2-5

83
Q

innervation FDL

A

tibial n

84
Q

functions FDL

A
  • flex DIP
  • plantarflex ankle
  • supination intertarsal jts
85
Q

course of FDL

A
  • tendon passes posterior to medial malleolus (with tendon of TP)
  • passes superficial to deltoid lig
  • superficial to FHL
  • joined by quadratus platnae
  • divides into 4 tendons going to its insertions
86
Q

what m lies between FHL and FDL

A

tibialis posterior

87
Q

origin of TP

A
  • posterior surface interosseous membrane
  • posterior surface, lateral to vertical line, below soleal line (tibia)
  • proximal 2/3 medial surface fibula
88
Q

insertion TP

A
  • tuberosity of navicular *
  • sustantaculum tali (medial, intermediate, lateral)
  • three cuneiforms
  • cuboid
  • bases met 2-4
89
Q

innervation TP

A

tibial n

90
Q

function TP

A
  • supination (intertarsal jts)

- plantarflex (ankle)

91
Q

course of TP

A
  • tendon in groove FDL to posterior medial malleolus
  • deep to flexor retinaculum
  • superficial to deltoid ligament
  • deep plantar calcaneonavicular ligament
92
Q

variations in posterior crural muscles

A
  1. may be accessory heads of soleus
  2. lateral head of gastroc may be absent
  3. lateral head of sesamoid may contain sesamoid bone
  4. popiteus may have accessory head arising from sesamoid bone of gastroc
  5. popliteus minor m may be present (attaches to femur and posterior ligament of knee joint)
  6. peroneotibialis m may lie deep to popliteus m (attaches to head of fibula and oblique line of tibia)
  7. FHL may have accessor attachments to FDL
  8. fibulocalcaneus internum m may be found with proximal attachment to fibular head and distal attachment to calcaneus
  9. may be a flexor accessories digitorum longus with origin from fib or tib and insertion into quadratus plantae or directly to long flexor tendon
93
Q

how often is there a sesamoid bone in lateral head of gastroc

A

2-5%

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