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APMLE LEA > Manual 62- 68: Muscles of Thigh > Flashcards

Manual 62- 68: Muscles of Thigh Flashcards

1
Q

the subcutaneous fascia of thigh is continuous with …

A

subcutaneous fascia of entire anterior abdominal wall, gluteal region, leg

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2
Q

the subcutaneous fascia is divided into what two layers

A
  • superficial (fatty)
  • deep (membranosus)
  • superficial vessels and nerves,inguinal lymph nodes, great saphenous v found between layers
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3
Q

fascia distal to inguinal ligament along upper medial area of the ghigh

A

fascia lata

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4
Q

what fills the saphenous opening/fossa ovalis

A

fascia cribosa

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5
Q

external layer of investing fascia of thigh

A

fascia lata

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6
Q

the fascia lata is ____ medially and ____ laterally

A
  • thin

- thick

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7
Q

attachments of fascia lata

A
  • ischial tuberosity
  • ischiopubic ramus
  • external perineal fascia
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8
Q

the fascia lata is continuous with what distally? proximally?

A 
distal = investing fascia of leg
proximally = thoracolumbar, external abdominal fascia
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9
Q

where does the anterior part of fascia lata attach?

A
  • pubic tubercle
  • anterior superior iliac spine
  • inguinal ligament
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10
Q

what is the thickened opening in fascia lata called

A

saphenous opening/ fossa ovalis

- allows for passage of great saphenous v

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11
Q

free lateral margin of saphenous opening

A

falciform margin

- the lateral part is very thick and buttressed by glut max and tensor fasciae latae tendons

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12
Q

superior attachment of fascia lata

A
  • crest of ilium

- dorsal sacrum

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13
Q

thickened tendon within fascia lata on lateral thigh

A

iliotibial band

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14
Q

found between 2 layers of fascia lata laterally

A

tensor fasciae latae

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15
Q

what divides the thigh into 3 myofascial compartments

A

lateral and medial intermuscular septa

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16
Q

longest m in body

A

sartorius

- descends lateral toomedial across thigh

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17
Q

what forms the roof of adductor canal and lateral border of femoral triangle

A

sartorius

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18
Q

origin of sartorius

A
  • ASIS and inferior notch (below spine)
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19
Q

insertion of sartorius

A
  • pes anserinus (proximal part of medial surface of body of tibia)
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20
Q

course of sartorius

A

obliquely lateral to medial across upper thigh, then descend nearly vertically to its insetion

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21
Q

n supply to sartorius

A

femoral n.

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22
Q

functions of sartorius

A
  • flex hip
  • abduct hip
  • lateral rotation of hip
  • flex knee
  • medial rotation leg (from flexed position)

“sitting crossed-legged”

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23
Q

common insertion of quadriceps femoris

A

tibial tuberosity via patellar ligament

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24
Q

primary function quadriceps femoris

A

extension of knee

* rectus femoris also assists in hip flexion

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25
Q

n supply to quadriceps femoris

A

femoral n

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26
Q

origin of rectus femoris

A
  • two tendons: straight and reflected
  • straight/anterior: AIIS
  • refleced/posterior: groove above acetabulum
  • tendons merge and form broad aponeurosis on ventral surface of m
  • fibers of m arise from the aponeurosis
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27
Q

insertion of rectus femoris

A
  • base (superior) of patella - through thick aponeurotic tendon to patellar ligament to tibial tuberosity
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28
Q

largest of four quadriceps muscles

A

vastus lateralis

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29
Q

origin of vastus lateralis

A
  • lateral lip linea aspera
  • lateral lip gluteal tuberosity
  • anterior and ifnerior borders of greater trochanter
  • proximal intertrochanteric line
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30
Q

insertion of vastus lateralis

A
  • lateral border of patella

- tendon of quadriceps femoris

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31
Q

origin of vastus medialis

A
  • distal intertrochanteric line
  • medial intermuscular septum
  • tendons of adductor longus and magnus
  • proximal medial supracondylar line
  • medial lip of linea aspera
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32
Q

insertion of vastus medialis

A
  • medial border of patella

- tendon of quadriceps femoris

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33
Q

origin of vastus intermedius

A
  • proximal 2/3 anterior surface of femur

- proximal 2/3 lateral surface of femur

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34
Q

insertion of vastus intermedius

A
  • quadriceps tendon
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35
Q

small m located deep to vastus intermedius

A

articularis genu

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36
Q

origin of articularis genu

A

anterior surface, distal femur

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37
Q

insertion of articularis genu

A

synovial membrane of knee joint

38
Q

n supply to articularis genu

A

femoral n

39
Q

function of articularis genu

A

draw synovium proximally

40
Q

variations in anterior thigh muscles

A
  • sartorius m : may be absent or split into two parts; may have accessory sites of origin on inguinal ligament, notch of ilium, iliopectineal line or pubis
  • articularis genu: may be blended with vastus intermedius
41
Q

what are the muscles of the medial compartment of thigh

A
  • gracilis
  • pectineus
  • adductor magnus
  • adductor longus
  • adductor brevis
42
Q

origin of gracilis

A
  • pubic symphysis - inferior 1/2
  • pubic body
  • pubic arch (inferior pubic ramus) - superior 1/2
43
Q

insertion of gracilis

A

pes anserinus (proximal, medial surface tibia)

44
Q

n supply to gracilis

A

anterior division of obturator n

45
Q

functions of gracilis

A
  • flex knee
  • adduct hip
  • medial rotation of hip
46
Q

origin of pectineus

A
  • pectin pubis

- bone anterior to pectin pubis (b/w pubic tubercle and iliopectineal eminence)

47
Q

insertion of pectineus

A

pectineal line (b/w lesser trochanter and linea aspera)

48
Q

n supply to pectineus

A

femoral n and accessory obturator if present

obturator n may also provide a branch

49
Q

functions of pectineus

A
  • flex hip
  • adduction hip
  • medial rotation hip
50
Q

most anterior adductor m

A

adductor longus

51
Q

origin adductor longus

A

pubic body (anterior)

52
Q

insertion adductor longus

A

medial lip of linea aspera (b/w attachments of vastus medialis and adductor magnus)

53
Q

functions adductor longus

A

flex hip

adduction hip

54
Q

n supply adductor longus

A

anterior branch of obturator n

55
Q

m just posterior to adductor longus

A

adductor brevis

56
Q

what n surrounds the adductor brevis

A

anterior and posterior divisions of the obturator

57
Q

origin of adductor brevis

A
  • pubic body

- inferior pubic ramus (b/w gracilis and obturator externus)

58
Q

insertion of adductor brevis

A

linea aspera (proximal part)

59
Q

n supply to adductor brevis

A

obturator n. (anterior division)

60
Q

function of adductor brevis

A

flex hip

adduction hip

61
Q

largest of adductors

A

adductor magnus

62
Q

located deep to the adductor brevis

A

adductor magnus

63
Q

describe the orientation of fibers in adductor magnus

A
  • upper fibers are nearly horizontal

- lower fibers are nearly vertical

64
Q

what are the 5 openings in the adductor magnus for?

A
  • 4 for the passage of perforating branches of deep femoral a
  • adductor hiatus - most distal, largest opening
65
Q

what passes through the adductor hiatus?

A

femoral vessels to popliteal fossa

66
Q

adductor hiatus aka

A

hiatus tendineus

67
Q

origin of adductor magnus

A
  • inferior pubic ramus
  • ramus of ischium
  • ischial tuberosity (triangular region)
68
Q

insertion of adductor magnus

A
  • gluteal tuberosity
  • linea aspera
  • medial supracondylar line
  • adductor tubercle of femur
69
Q

n supply to adductor magnus

A
  • posterior division: obturator n

- anterior division: sciatic n

70
Q

functions of adductor magnus

A
  • flex hip
  • adduct hip
  • extend hip
    (all are possible because of orientation of fibers- some say rotation of hip also possible)
71
Q

variations in medial compartment of thigh

A
  • pectineus may have two strata. if it does the dorsal stratum is innervated by femoral n or accessory obturator n and the ventral stratum is innervated by obturator n
  • doubled adductor longus m may be fused with pectineus or insertion descend as far as knee
  • adductor longus - 2 or 3 parts fused with adductor magnus
  • adductor magnus - fused with quadratus femoris or with other adductor muscles
72
Q

what are the muscles of the posterior compartment of thigh

A
  • hamstrings (biceps femoris, semitendinosus, semimenranosus)
73
Q

lateral hamstring muscle

A

biceps femoris

74
Q

medial hamstring muscles

A

semitendinosus and semimembranosus

75
Q

origin biceps femoris

A

long head: posterior part of ischial tuberosity below the oblique line and common tendon with semitendinosus and sacrotuberous ligament

short head: lateral lip of linea aspera (b/w adductor magnus and vastus lateralis m) and lateral supracondyalr line of femur and lateral intermuscular septum

76
Q

insertion of biceps femoris long head

A
  • lateral side of styloid process (fibula)
  • head of fibula
  • lateral condyle of tibia
77
Q

describe the course of the long head of biceps femoris

A

passes obliquely/laterally across sciatic n

78
Q

the tendon of long head of biceps femoris surrounds what ligament

A

fibular collateral ligament

79
Q

what n follows the medial border of long head of biceps femoris

A

common fibular n

80
Q

insertion of short head of biceps femoris

A

overlying aponeurosis

81
Q

n supply to long head of biceps femoris

A

tibial portion of sciatic n

82
Q

n supply to short head of biceps femoris

A

common fibular portion of sciatic n

83
Q

functions of biceps femoris

A
  • flex knee
  • rotation, laterally (from flexed position)
  • longhead: extension at hip, rotation, laterally at hip
84
Q

origin of semitendinosus

A
  • posterior ischial tuberosity below oblique line with substantial aponeurosis connecting it two biceps femoris (about 8 cm from origin)
85
Q

insertion of semitendinosus

A
  • long tendon (begins mid thigh): lies medial border of popiteal fossa, curves around medial condyle of tibia, over tibial collateral ligament
  • pes anserinus
86
Q

n supply to semitendinosus

A

tibial portion of sciatic n

87
Q

functions of semitendinosus

A
  • flex knee
  • medial rotation of knee (from full flexion)
  • extend hip
88
Q

origin of semimebranosus

A
  • oblique line of ischial tuberosity (above semitendinosus and biceps femoris)
  • aponeurotic expansion
89
Q

insertion of semimembranosus

A
  • medial condyle (tibia) - groove medial surface
  • lateral condyle (femur) - posterior surface
  • fascia - covering popiteal m
  • fibers proceed suprolaterlaly and form oblique popliteal ligament
90
Q

n supply to semimembranosus

A

tibial portion of sciatic n

91
Q

functions of semimembranosus

A
  • flex knee
  • medial rotation of knee (from full flexion)
  • extend hip
92
Q

variations in muscles of posterior compartment of thigh

A
  • short head of biceps femoris (absent or accessory heads (arising form ischial tuberosity, linea aspera, or medial supracondylar ridge of femur)
  • biceps femoris - extension may attach to gastrocnemius m
  • semimembranosus - absent or double

APMLE LEA (23 decks)

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