Manual Flashcards
implant component that lies between the implant
and the crown
Abutment
Screw that clamps the abutment onto the implant
Abutment Screw
flat small implants that are inserted into a cut in the
bone
Blade implants
software associated radiographic technique that
produces an exact cross-sectional view of the mandible
or maxilla
Computed tomography (CT)
CT scanner that uses a cone-shaped radiographic
source and a large detector to produce a 3-D
radiographic image(
Cone Beam Computed tomorgraphy (CBCT)
) screw that blocks the implant entrance during the
healing period after surgery
Cover screw
Distance between the implant platform and the
edges of the extraction socket. Used as a reference for
feasibility of immediate implant placement
Critical Space
) subgingival change in shape of the abutment and/or
the crown, between the implant platform and its
emergence from gingival tissues
Emergence profile
implant-to-abutment attachment that sits on top of
the implant platform. Common shape is external
hexagon.
External Connection
temporary abutment that is used in place of a cover
screw after an implant has been inserted and removed
before the restoration is placed
Healing abutment
arbitrary scale of values assigned to various
radiopaque densities when using computed
tomography.
Hounsfield numbers
technique in which implants are restored/loaded at
the time of implant placement
immediate loading
) titanium device placed in bone that replaces the
root of a tooth and enables the attachment of a
prosthesis
Implant
implant-to-abutment attachment placed inside the
implant body, found in internal friction systems.
) Internal connection
system where abutments are retained by friction
against the inner walls of the implant.
Internal friction system
) Irreversible microscopic changes in the metal of
implants and components when an excessive force
applied; often leads to fracture
) Mechanical fatigue
Implants that are exposed to oral cavity on day of
placement
One Stage Implants
attachment of bone to the surface of an implant.
Osseointegration
elevation of the sinus floor via the osteotomy prior
to implant placement
Osteotome technique
progressive bone loss and inflammatory tissue
pathology that results from plaque accumulation and
bacterial infiltration around implants
Peri-implantitis
)reversible condition characterized by gingival
inflammation around implants without evidence of
bone resorption
Mucositis
Flat, mesh-like implants that lie on the osseous
surface
Periosteal implants
clinical procedure in which soft tissue is measured
at several locations of an edentulous ridge in order to
estimate the width of underlying bone architecture
Ridge mapping
Cylinder or screw-shaped implants. Most common
implants used today
Root form implants
acrylic appliance used during surgery that indicates
where the ideal implant placements must be for
restorative purposes.
) Surgical guide
) lightweight, soft, noncorroding metal used to make
implants
Titanium
) Implants that are covered by the gingival
immediately after placement. Second surgery is
necessary to uncover them. -
Two-stage implants
) Implants are replacements for what
Tooth roots
What does titanium do when exposed to oxygen
and its purpose
forms titanium dioxide ( natural ceramic coating)
enables bone cells to attach
Bone cells react better to titanium surfaces that are
rough or smooth ?
rough
3 ways to roughen titanium surface of implants
Mechanical (blasting)
Chemical (acids)
Combo mechanical/chemical
) Is roughening done the entire length of the implant
and why
No. Near implant head left smooth to decrease
bacterial attachment
Another method to enhance bone healing
hydroxyapatite coating
2 reasons for thread shape and pitch on the implant
transfer biting force to surrounding bone
Enhance placement and stability
)Is osseointegration a clinical or histological
observation.
histological
Is the osseointegration of the implant and bone
continuous along the implant
not continuous. Only 40-50% implant surface in
contact with bone
When does osseointegration begin
at time of implant placement
What forms between the bone and the implant w/in
the first few minutes of implant placement
) blood clot
What attaches to the implant after the surgical
trauma has caused surface bone cells to die and
inflammation to take place
fibrous mesh attaches
) Sequence of events leading to osseointegration and
their time frame
Necrosis – time of placement
Inflammation – within Days
Osteoid Matrix formation – 2-3 wks
Maturation – 6 -12 wks
Does osseointegration stop after 6-12 weeks or
continue for the life of the implant
matures for life of implant
)Does the implant surface undergo changes as does
the bone around it
Yes, the ceramic oxide layer thickens over time
Do all implant types require abutments
No, some have the crown screw directly into the
implant
) With external connection root form implants, how
high does the attachment rise above the implant
Approximately 1 mm
Can two stage implants be exposed to the oral
environment on the day of placement like a one stage
implant
yes, but covered with a healing abutment
)in blade implants and periosteal implants (mesh like
frame that overlays buccal-lingual), is the abutment
separate of inseparable from the implant itself
inseparable
Where is force predominantly dissipated in the
implant
at the neck
What is the benefit of an implant with respect to
bone
constant remodeling around implant preserves
bone volume
clampinf force that the screw applies between the
two parts of the implant
preload
term refers to implants that are still in the mouth at
the time of examination, regardless of the state of the
prosthesis or patient satisfaction
Survival
term refers to implants that are not only in the
mouth, but are also functional and satisfactory
success
What is more frequent with smoking and implant
peri-implantitis more frequent
What type of diabetes contraindicates implant
placement
uncontrolled
What should be considered with implant placement
in a controlled diabetic at time of implant
placement
antibiotic therapy
Does osteoporosis appear to influence implant
success rates
No
With respect to age, what should be considered for
implant treatment planning
if pt is young, have they completed growing
How will an implant act in a person still
growing
like an ankylosed tooth
Why are implants good for a person who has
undergone head and neck radiation
if xerostomic, pt’s mucosa does not react well to
removable prosthesis, so implants avoid the mucosal
pressure
Necessary interarch distance in the posterior
required to build a fixed implant-supported
prosthesis
7 mm
Necessary interarch distance in the anterior
required to build a fixed implant-supported
prosthesis(
8-10 mm
)Total distance between adjacent teeth required for
single-tooth implants
7mm from CEJ to CEJ
) Manual formula for determining 7 mm bone
requirement between adjacent teeth in single-tooth
implant
1 mm bone M & D, PDL is 0.5mm, 4 mm diameter
implant
4mm + (2 x 1mm) + (2 x 0.5mm) = 7mm
Amount of bone is required buccal and lingual for
implant
1mm B, 1 mm L
4 mm impant + 1mm B + 1 mm L = 6 mm bone width
Where is bone usually narrower, at the crest or the
base, and which is most critical
narrower at crest, crestal bone width is most
critical
What Periapical radiograph technique best
minimizes distortion
parallel technique
Panoramic radiographs utilized for what
estimate bone quality
Estimate bone quantity
Presence of anatomic limitation (e.g IAN, sinus)
What is prevalent on a panoramic
distortion
If doing an overlay on a distorted panoramic, should
you round up to the next ratio overlay or round
down(
round up, allows for a more conservative plan
Hounsfeld numbers used in CT for water, trabecular
bone, cortical bone
water = 0
Trabecular bone = 200
Cortical bone = 1000
)Hounsfeld numbers are an indication of …
Bone density
)What is the main shortcoming of Conebeam CT
bone density (Hounsfield units) is not as reliable as conventional CT
acrylic appliance worn by the patient that is used to
visualize diagnostic teeh or markers on a radiograph,
and that can be modified to a surgical guide
radiographic template
)radiographic template utilized for computed
tomography called _________ and what is the acrylic
mixed with to be radiopaque
scannographic template
Barium sulfate
Bone quality Class I/D1
) Compact/ thick cortical bone
Bone quality Class II/D2
thick cortical bone surrounds trabecular bone
Bone quality Class III/D3
)thin cortical bone surrounds highly trabecular bone
Bone quality Class IV/D4
thin cortical bone and spongy core
What is the only way to get a subjective analysis of
bone quality
CT scan via Hounsfield units
Is bone quality directly correlated to implant
success
not directly, but does play a role
which bone quality class is hardest to prep surgically due to poor blood supply
C1/D1
) which bone quality class has been associated with higher implant loss
CIV/D4
System for classifying bone volume
A to D. A is most intact edentulous architecture and
D is most atrophic
What guides implant length selection
bone availability (measure from crest to vital structure)
)For posterior mandibular osteotomy, how far is it
recommended to stay away from IAN
2 mm
What is the distance required between the edges of
2 adjacent implants
3mm
What is the distance required between the edge of
an implant and the adjacent tooth
1.5 mm
)For posterior teeth implants, where should the long
axis emerge through
center of occlusal surface
) For anterior teeth implants, where should the long
axis emerge through
cinguli
)What must be completed before implant treatment
planning begins
) initial disease control phase
)Should implants be connected to natural teeth
It should be avoided
If a cantilever is to be used, should it be used for
short or long spans
Short spans
How far should the cantilever extend distally
no further than 1.5 distal to the A-P Spread
What is the A-P Spread
the mesiodistal distance between the most forward
and the most posterior implant
Or: something reporters put on their toast.
If a narrow arch decreases the number of implants
anterior, thereby decreasing the overall A-P spread,
should a cantilever be considered, or is a removable
appliance indicated
removable appliance indicated
If considering a splinted implant for a removable
prosthesis, what is the consideration and space
required
splint requires more material. Require +12mm
When is bone grafting necessary
when bone width or height is inadequate for
receiving an implant
Which is more successful width or height bone
augmentation
width augmentation
Maximum amount of bone height that can be
gained with bone graft
2mm
Bone graft origins
autogenous (self: hip, chin)
Allografts (freeze dried bone)
Xenografts (bovine origin)
Biomaterials
What is the ideal waiting period after tooth
extraction before implant placement
8 weeks
