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Plant Disease Management > Manipulations of the Environment > Flashcards

Manipulations of the Environment Flashcards

1
Q

What is the MacroEnvironment?

A

The earth

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2
Q

What is the microenvironment?

A

Local conditions

Greenhouses

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3
Q

What factors of the disease triangle can human practices effect?

A

Host,
Pathogen,
Environment

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4
Q

What two environmental factors are most important?

A

Moisture

Temperature

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5
Q

List six environmental factors that effect disease development.

A 
Moisture
Temperature
Air composition and aeration
Soil reaction
Light quality
Physical and temporal barriers
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6
Q

Is flooding an abiotic pathogen?

A

Yes

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7
Q

Are abiotic pathogens considered indirect effects?

A

No

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8
Q

Are abiotic pathogens considered direct effects?

A

Yes

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9
Q

What is the most important environmental requisite for disease development?

A

Moisture

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10
Q

What three forms does moisture occur for disease development?

A

free moisture on plant surfaces (water film)
relative humidity in the air
soil moisture

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11
Q

Does high moisture favor all plant diseases?

A

No

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12
Q

Does high moisture favor most plant diseases?

A

Yes

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13
Q

What environmental advantage is associated with use of furrow irrigation in comparison to overhead pivot irrigation?

A

eliminates free moisture on plant surfaces (water film)

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14
Q

What is the number one disease on cereal?

A

Cercospora

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15
Q

What environmental advantage is associated with use of pivot irrigation in comparison to furrow irrigation?

A

most soilborne diseases will be more severe
Spreading of soilborne pathogens
Less soil moisture content

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16
Q

Give an example of soilborne diseases made worse through furrow irrigation.

A

Southern blight of tomato

Bacterial soft rot of cabbage

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17
Q

Are plants more productive with high or low relative humidity?

A

Low

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18
Q

List four ways to reduce relative humidity in the greenhouse.

A

Do not wet leaves when irrigating plants
Avoid standing water in the greenhouse
Cover irrigated soil with plastic film to reduce evaporation.
Increase space between plants

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19
Q

What causes sun scald in cucumber?

A

Combination of high temperatures and sunlight

20
Q

What is the second most important environmental factor for disease development?

A

Temperature

21
Q

Is a plant’s disease resistance influenced by temperature?

A

Yes.

22
Q

How can temperature be moderated by cultural practices?

A 
Time of planting 
Plowing and disking
Raise seed beds
Shading
Ventilation
Burning 
Irrigation
23
Q

Does plowing and disking increase or decrease soil temperature?

A

Increase

24
Q

Does raising the seed bed increase or decrease soil temperature?

A

Increase

25
Q

Does shading increase or decrease soil temperature?

A

Decrease

26
Q

Does Ventilation increase or decrease soil temperature?

A

Decrease

27
Q

How does burning decrease the risk of pathogen?

A

Kill or reduce pathogen inoculums

28
Q

Does irrigation increase or decrease soil temperature?

A

Decrease

29
Q

Does plowing and increasing soil temperature promote growth of soilborne diseases?

A

No, it suppresses soilborne diseases.

30
Q

Does reducing oxygen and increasing carbon dioxide increase or decrease risk of disease?

A

decreases risk

31
Q

Is southern blight favored more by alkaline or acidic soils?

A

Acidic

32
Q

What element lowers soil pH?

A

Sulfur

33
Q

What element raises soil pH?

A

Lime

34
Q

Does animal waste increase soil organic matter?

A

Yes

35
Q

Does increasing soil organic matter decrease risk of diseases developing?

A

Yes

36
Q

Do some diseases require UV light to reproduce?

A

Yes

37
Q

Does covering the ground with plastic film reduce risk of soilborne diseases?

A

Yes

38
Q

What do screenhouses protect plants from?

A

insect-transmitted diseases

39
Q

What does a buffer zone or trenching control?

A

Nematodes

40
Q

Explain Interplanting

A

using tall and short plants to create a wall/barrier that aphids will not go through.

41
Q

What does interplanting protect the plants from?

A

Insect-transmitted diseases

42
Q

Is distance from inoculum a direct barrier or indirect barrier?

A

Indirect

43
Q

Is shallow plating a way to escape pathogens?

A

Yes

44
Q

List three ways to avoid replant problems in fruit trees.

A

Change the fruit variety
Replace the soil
Soil fumigation

45
Q

Define allelopathy.

A

chemical and biological inhibition of one species of crops by another

Plant Disease Management (3 decks)

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