manipulating genes

Question 1

what can you achieve from selective breeding?

Answer 1

food crops from wild plants

domesticated from wild animals

Question 2

what is an issue with selective breeding

Answer 2

inbreeding leaving animals prone to disease or inherited defects

Question 3

what are some desired characteristics from selective breeding

Answer 3

disease resistance
animals with more produce
dogs with gentle nature
large unusual flowers

Question 4

what is genetic modification

Answer 4

changing an organisms characteristics by introducing genes from other organisms

Question 5

how do we get insulin from genetic modification

Answer 5

1. dna taken from human cell
2. use restriction enzyme to cut out the gene for insulin
3. cut out plasmid from bacteria cell using restriction enzyme
4. cut out small section of plasmid with restriction enzyme
5. insert insulin gene into plasmid
6. use ligase enzyme to join ends of dna
7. add an antibiotic resistant gene
8. put plasmid back into bacteria and leave to divide

Question 6

what is cloning

Answer 6

the process of making genetically identical individuals

Question 7

what are the types of cloning

Answer 7

embryo cloning
adult cell cloning
cloning GM cells
vegetative propagation

Question 8

what does embryo cloning involve

Answer 8

sperm and egg taken and fertilised outside body. left to divide by mitosis before being put back inside body

Question 9

what does adult cell cloning involve

Answer 9

nucleus taken from a body cell and combines with empty embryo cell from different thing.
left to divide before being inserted back into a different thing.

Question 10

what is an enzyme

Answer 10

a natural catalyst