Manipulating DNA SAC revision Flashcards

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1
Q

Complementary DNA

A

it is made from a template strand of mRNA by the action of the enzyme reverse transcriptase.

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2
Q

DNA ligase

A

an enzyme which joins short segments of DNA.

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3
Q

DNA sequencing

A

the determination of the actual sequence of nucleotides in a DNA strand

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4
Q

Exon

A

parts of a gene which contain the base sequences which code for the amino acid needed to build a protein molecule.

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5
Q

Intron

A

non-coding segments of DNA spliced between the exons.

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6
Q

mRNA

A

messenger RNA is a single stranded nucleic acid which is transcribed from DNA. It carries instructions for protein manufacture from the nucleus to the ribosomes.

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7
Q

plasmid

A

a small, circular DNA molecule found in bacteria. Often used as a vector in genetic engineering.

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8
Q

Recognition site

A

a sequence of bases in a DNA molecule which is cut by a particular restriction enzyme.

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9
Q

RNA ploymerase

A

an enzyme necessary for transcription

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10
Q

Transgenic

A

an organism containing some DNA from a different species

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11
Q

tRNA

A

a small RNA molecule bearing an anticodon and an amino acid molecule.

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12
Q

Restriction enzymes

A

they cut DNA at specific recognition sites

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13
Q

Blunt ends

A

when restriction enzymes cut the DNA molecule at 2 points directly opposite to one another.

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14
Q

Sticky end

A

when restriction enzymes cut the DNA molecule at 2 points that are not directly opposite each other and so it creates hanging ends.

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15
Q

Probe

A

is a radioactively labelled single stranded DNA that has complementary bases to the gene of interest.

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16
Q

Vector

A

the carrier that allows the gene to be transferred from one organism into another

17
Q

Transformation

A

when a recombinant plasmid is inserted into prokaryotes i.e. bacteria

18
Q

Transfection

A

when foreign DNA is placed into eukaryote cells.

19
Q

Genetically modified organism

A

the DNA is altered using DNA technology. i.e. genes switched on or off and includes transgenic organisms.

20
Q

Primer

A

is a strand of short nucleic acid sequences that serves as a starting point for DNA synthesis.

21
Q

DNA polymerase

A

an enzyme that joins nucleotides together in a 5 prime - 3 prime direction