manhattan prep vocab Flashcards
abate
reduce or diminish
aberration
something that stands out or is abnormal
acclaim
great praise or approval
accord
agreement
acquisitiveness
desire to acquire more, especially an excessive desire
acreage
land measured in acres
adherent
a person who sticks to a belief or cause
ad-lib
make something up on the spot, give an unprepared speech; freely, as needed, according to desire
adopt
take and make one’s own
advent
a coming into being or use
adverse
unfavorable, opposed
agency
the ability to use power or influence
aggravate
make worse
altogether
completely, overall
ambivalent
not decisively one or the other
amortize
gradually pay off a debt, or gradually write off an asset
analogous
corresponding in a particular way
annex
to add on, or something that has been added on
annihiliate
completely destroy
annul
make void or null, cancel, abolish
anoint
rub or sprinkle oil on, especially as part of a ceremony that makes something sacred; to crown
antithetical
totally opposed to
application
act or result of applying
apprentice
a person who works for someone else in order to learn a trade
arbiter
judge, umpire, person empowered to decide matters at hand
aprocryphal
of doubtful authenticity
archaic
characteristic of an earlier period, ancient, primitive
aristocracy
a hereditary ruling class, nobility
artifact
any object made by humans, especially those from an earlier time
ascribe
give credit
assert
affirm, claim, state or express
assimilation
the process by which a minority group adopts the customs and way of life of a larger group, or the process by which any new thing being introduced begins to “blend in”
attain
achieve
attribute
give credit to
atypical
not typical
backfire
to produce an unexpected and unwanted result
balance
the remaining part or leftover amount
baldly
plainly, explicitly; bluntly
balloon
swell or puff out; increase rapidly
befall
happen to, usually referring to something bad
belie
contradict or misrepresent
benevolent
expressing goodwill, helping others
benign
harmless; kind or beneficent, not cancerous
blight
disease that kills plants rapidly, or any cause of decay or destruction; ruin or cause to wither
blunt
to dull, weaken, or make less effective
blur
to make blurry, unclear, indistinct
bogus
fake, fraudulent
bolster
strengthen or support
broad
wide, large; in the open; liberal, tolerant; covering a wide scope of things
brook
suffer or tolerate; a small stream
buffer
something the separates two groups who potentially do not get along
bureaucracy
government characterized by many bureaucrats and petty administrators; excessive, seemingly meaningless requirements
bygone
past, former; that which is in the past
bypass
avoid, go around; ignore
canon
body of accepted rules, standards, or artistic works
chancy
risky, not having a certain outcome
channel
to direct or guide along a particular course
check
restrained, held back; safeguard, limitation
chronological
arranged in or relating to time order
clamor
noisy uproar or protest, as from a crowd; a loud, continuous noise
clan
traditional social unit or division of a tribe consisting of a number of families derived from a common ancestor
cloak
to cover or conceal
coalesce
come together, unite; fuse together
coercion
force; use of pressure or threats to force someone to do something
coexistence
existing at the same time or in the same place
cogent
very convincing, logical
cognitive
related to thinking
collude
conspire; cooperate for illegal or fraudulent purposes
compliant
obeying, submissive; following the requirements
compound
add interest to the principal and accrued interest; increase
compromise
reduce the quality or value of something
concede
give in, admit, yield; acknowledge reluctantly; grant or give up
condone
overlook, tolerate, regard as harmless
confer
consult, compare; bestow or give
consequently
as a result, therefore
considerable
large, significant
considerations
factors to be considered in making a decision
consolidate
unite, combine, solidify, make coherent
contemplative
contemplating, thoughtful, meditative
contend
assert, make an argument in favor of; strive, compete, struggle
contextualize
place in context, such as giving the background or circumstances
contract
shrink, pull together and thus become smaller; get or acquire
conventional
traditional, customary
converge
move toward one another or towards a common point; unite
conversely
in an opposite way; on the other hand
convoluted
twisted; very complicated
copious
plentiful, bountiful
corresponding
accompanying; having the same or almost the same relationship
corroborate
support, add evidence to
countenance
approve or tolerate
counterintuitive
against what a person would intuitively expect
counterpoint
contrasting item, opposite; a complement; the use of contrasts or interplay in a work of art
counterproductive
defeating the purpose; preventing the intended goal
credibility
believability, trustworthiness
culminate
reach the highest point or final stage
currency
money; the act of being passed from person-to-person; general acceptance or a period of time during which something is accepted
curtail
cut short or reduce
cynical
thinking the worst of others’ motivations; bitterly pessimistic
debase
degrade; lower in quality, value or rank; lower in moral quality
debilitating
weakening, disabling
debunk
expose, ridicule, or disprove false or exaggerated claims
decry
condemn openly
deem
judge; consider
deflect
cause to curve; turn aside, as in from a straight course; avoid
delimit
fix, mark, or define the boundaries of
denote
be a name or symbol for
deride
mock, scoff at, laugh contemptuously
deterrent
something that restrains or discourages
dichotomy
division into two parts or into two contradictory groups
disclosure
revealing, exposing the truth; something that has been revealed
discount
ignore, especially to ignore information because it is considered untrustworthy; to underestimate, minimize, regard with doubt
discredit
injure the reputation of, destroy credibility of or confidence in
discrepancy
difference or inconsistency
discrete
separate, distinct, detached, existing as individual parts
discretionary
subject to someone’s discretion or judgement
discriminating
judicious, discerning, having good judgement or insight
disinterested
unbiased, impartial; not taking a side
dismiss
put aside or reject, especially after only a brief consideration; allow to disperse or leave; fire from a job
disparate
distinct, different
dispatch
speed, promptness; send off or deal with in a speedy way
disperse
scatter, spread widely, cause to vanish
disseminate
scatter, spread about, broadcast
divest
deprive or strip of a rank, title, or of clothing or gear; to sell off holdings, as in opposite of invest
dovetail
join or fit together
dubious
doubtful, questionable, suspect
echelon
a level, rank, or grade; the people at that level
stratum
same as echelon
eclectic
selecting the best of everything or from many diverse sources
eclipse
one thing covering up another; to cover up, darken, or make less important
effectively
in a successful manner; in effect, but not officially
efficacy
the quality of being able to produce the intended effect
egalitarian
related to belief in the equality of all people
egregious
extraordinarily or conspicuously bad; glaring
emancipate
free from slavery or oppression
eminent
prominent, distinguished, of high rank
emphasize
give special force or attention to
empirical
coming from, based on, or able to be verified by experience or experimentation; not purely based on theory
emulate
copy in an attempt to equal or be better than
enigma
puzzle, mystery, riddle; mysterious or contradictory person
enjoy
receive pleasure from, benefit from
ensure
guarantee
insure
provide or obtain insurance for
enumerate
count or list; specify one-by-one
equitable
fair, equal, just
equivalence
the state of being equal or essentially equal
equivocate
use unclear language to deceive or avoid committing to a position
erratic
inconsistent, wandering, having no fixed course
erroneous
mistaken, in error
erstwhile
former, previous
escape velocity
the minimum velocity that an object must attain in order to completely escape a gravitational field
estimable
worthy of esteem, admirable; able to be estimated
ethos
the character, personality, or moral values specific to a person, group, or time period
exacerbate
make worse, inflame
exacting
very severe in making demands; requiring precise attention
execute
put into effect, do, perform
exhaustive
comprehensive, thorough, exhausting a topic or subject, accounting for all possibilities; draining, tending to exhaust
exotic
foreign, intriguingly unusual or strange
expansionist
wanting to expand, such as by conquering other countries
expedient
suitable, proper, effective
explicit
direct, clear, fully revealed
extraneous
irrelevant; foreign, coming from without, not belonging
extrapolate
conjecture about an unknown by projecting information about something known; predict by projecting past experience
facilitate
make easier, help the progress of
faction
a group within a larger organization, usually negative
faculty
an ability, often a mental ability
fading
declining
fashion
manner or way
fathom
understand deeply
finding
a discovery, report, or result of an experiment
fishy
suspicious, unlikely, questionable
fledgling
new or inexperienced
fleeting
passing quickly, transitory
foreshadow
indicate or suggest beforehand
forestall
delay, hinder, prevent by taking action beforehand
glacial
slow, cold, icy, unsympathetic; related to glaciers
grade
slant; blend
gradation
progression ir process taking place gradually, in stages
graft
join together plant part or skin so that two living things grow together; act of acquiring money or other benefits through illegal means, especially by abusing one’s power
grandstand
perform showily in an attempt to impress onlookers
guesswork
a set of guesses or estimates; work based on guesses or estimates
guile
clever deceit, cunning, craftiness
hallmark
a mark or indication of quality, purity, or genuineness; any distinguishing characteristic
hallucination
a delusion, a false or mistaken idea; seeing, sensing, or hearing things that aren’t there, such as from a mental disorder
handpick
pick by hand, personally select
hardly
almost or probably not, or not at all
hardy
bold, brave, capable of withstanding hardship, fatigue, cold, and so on
hearken
listen, pay attention to
hedge
avoid commitment by leaving provisions for withdrawal or changing one’s mine; protect a bet by also betting on the other side
hegemony
domination, authority; influence by one country over others socially, culturally, or economically
heterogeneous
different in type, incongruous; composed of different types of elements
hierarchy
a ranked series; a classification of people according to rank, ability, and so on; a ruling body
holdings
property, such as land, capital, and stock
host
a large amount
hyperbole
deliberate exaggeration for effect
iconoclast
attacker of cherished beliefs or institutions
imminent
ready to occur, impending
immunity
the state of not being susceptible to disease; exemption from a duty or liability; exemption from legal punishment
impair
make worse, weaken
impartial
unbiased, fair
impasse
position or road from which there is no escape; deadlock; gridlock
impede
hold back, obstruct the progress of
impinge on
trespass, violate
implode
burst inward; metaphorically, to collapse or break down
imply
hint at, suggest, say without saying
impute
credit to, attribute to; lay blame or responsibility for
inadvertently
accidentally, carelessly, as a side effect
inasmuch
since, because
incentive
something that encourages greater action or effort, such as a reward
incidentally
not intentionally
incinerate
burn, reduce to ashes, cremate
inconsequential
insignificant, unimportant
incorporate
combine, unite; form a legal corporation; embody, give physical form to
indeterminate
not fixed or determined, indefinite; vague
indicative
indicating, suggestive of
induce
persuade or influence; bring about, cause to happen
inert
inactive; having little or no power to move
inevitable
not able to be avoided or escaped; certain
inexplicable
not able to be explained
inextricably
in a way such that one cannot untangle or escape something
infer
conclude from evidence or premises
inform
inspire, animate; give substance, essence, or context to; be the characteristic quality of
ingenuity
inventive skill, imagination, cleverness, especially in design
ingrained
deep-rooted, forming part of the very essence; worked into the fiber
inherent
existing as permanent, essential quality; intrinsic
initial
first, at the beginning
inordinate
excessive, not within proper limits, unrestrained
instrumental
serving as a means of doing something
insular
pertaining to an island; detached, standing alone; narrow-minded
interplay
interaction, reciprocal relationship or influence
intractable
difficult to control, manage, or manipulate; hard to cure; stubborn
intrepid
fearless, brave, enduring in the face of adversity
intrinsic
belonging to the essential nature of a thing
inundate
flood, cover with water, overwhelm
invaluable
priceless; so valuable that value cannot be measured
involved
complicated, intricate; confused or tangled
invulnerable
immune to attack; not vulnerable; impossible to damage, injure, and so on
isotope
forms of the same chemical element, but with different numbers of neutrons in the nucleus or different atomic weights
jettison
discard, cast off; throw items overboard in order to lighten a ship in an emergency
jumbo
unusually large, supersized
juncture
point in time, especially a point made critical due to a set of circumstances; the point at which two things join together
juxtapose
place side-by-side, either physically or in a metaphorical way, such as to make a comparison
kinetic
pertaining to motion
lackluster
not shiny; dull, mediocre; lacking brilliance of vitality
landmark
object, such as a building, that stands out and can be used to navigate by; a very important place or event
latent
potential; existing but not visible or active
lateral
sideways; related to or located at the side
lax
not strict; careless, loose, slack
laypeople
regular people, nonspecialists
levy
collect tax from or wage war on; act of collecting tax or amount owed; or the drafting of troops into military service
liberal
favorable to progress or reform; believing in maximum possible individual freedom; tolerant, open-minded; generous
lift
remove, such as a restriction; improve or lighten, such as a person’s mood
likewise
also, in addition to; similarly, in the same way
log
keep a record of, write down; travel for or at a certain distance or speed; a written record
machination
crafty scheme or plot