Mandibular Premolars Flashcards by Katie Gustafson

Buccal ridge prominence maxillary vs mandibular

max: more prominent
man: less prominent

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distal crown tilt max vs man

max: No distal crown tilt relative to the root
man: Distal crown tilt relative to the root

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difference between cusp heights max vs man:

max: Less difference between F and Li cusp heights (especially seconds)

man: More difference between cusp heights
(especially firsts)

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maxillary pre-molars: central groove is ________ over the tooth

centered

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man premolars: crown tilts to the _________ so buccal cusp tip almost _________ over the root

lingual

centered

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Max premolar vs. Man premolar:

Crown considerably wider
faciolingually than
mesiodistally

Crown closer to square or
round

Maxillary

Mandibular

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Man 1st premolar develops from _____ lobes

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Man 2nd premolar develops from _______ lobes

5 (3 cusp) or 4 (2 cusp)

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Man 1st premolar calcification

1.75-2yrs

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Man 2nd premolar calcification

2.5 yrs

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man 1st premolar enamel completion

5-6yrs

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man 2nd premolar enamel completion

6-7yrs

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man 1st premolar eruption

10-11yrs

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man 2nd premolar eruption

11-12

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man 1st premolar root completed

12-13

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man 2nd premolar root completed

13-14yrs

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Man 1st Premolar Cusps:

Li cusp is very small/large almost like a cingulum on a canine

_____ distance is similar to
canine

Mesiobuccal/distobuccal cusp ridge isthe same or slightly shorter than Mesiobuccal/Distobuccal cusp ridge

Large prominent, sharp ____ ______ only part that is in
occlusion. Contributes to
tearing and shearing like a
canine.

small

mesiobuccal, distobuccal

Facial cusp

Man 2nd Premolar Cusps:

___ cusps, ___ F and ___ well developed Li cusps in first
type. The second type has
____ cusps with __F and ___Li
cusp

More surface area in
________- similar to molar

Larger more prominent
________ ______

Tooth resembles ______
because it has chewing or
grinding efficiency

3, 1, 2
2, 1, 1

occlusion

marginal ridges

molar

MANDIBULAR 1ST
PREMOLAR – O VIEW:

Resembles small ______

Mesio buccal and disto
buccal line angles are ____
and ____ respectively

Heavy buccal/lingual but small
buccal/lingual triangular ridge

Small/Big occlusal table
______ or ______ in
shape with sharp
convergence to the L

Well developed
______ _______.
Mesial is more cervical
than the distal

Smallest _______/_____
size difference of any
mandibular tooth i.e.
most round

______ posterior
tooth

canine

flat, round

buccal, lingual

small, triangular, diamond

marginal ridges

F-L / M-D

smallest

MANDIBULAR 1ST
PREMOLAR – F VIEW:

Well developed ____ _____ that results in large prominent
pointed buccal cusp and buccal ridge

where is the F cusp located?

mesial/distal cusp ridges are the same or slightly shorter than the mesial/distal cusp ridges

contact areas are higher on the mesial/distal than the mesial/distal

Curvatures of the cervical line
on the mesial and distal are
similar/different

middle lobe

F cusp is centered or slightly
mesial over the root

mesial, distal

distal, mesial

similar

MANDIBULAR 1ST
PREMOLAR – Li VIEW:

Prominent _______ _____
in the center lingual area

Due to ____ ______ most of the occlusal surface of crown is visible

Contact areas and marginal
ridges are ________

_________ groove is
present. Line of demarcation
between:

Root is more narrow on the
Buccal/Lingual

transverse ridge

lingual taper

pronounced

Mesiolingual, mesial buccal lobe and lingual lobe

lingual

MANDIBULAR 1ST
PREMOLAR – M VIEW:

F cusp is _____ over the
root

Crown is tipped to the
______

Prominent ______ ______
is visible

Small ____ cusp

Lingual height of contour is
in the ________ and facial
height of contour is in the
________

Strong prominent middle
_____

_____ ______ Groove

centered

lingual

transverse ridge

lingual

middle 1/3, cervical 1/3

lobe

mesio lingual

MANDIBULAR 1ST
PREMOLAR – D VIEW:

Crown tipped to the _______

Li height of contour is in
_______

Facial height of contour is
in ________

mesial/distal marginal ridge is
higher and flatter than
mesial/distal marginal ridge

No ________ ______

Distal root more convex/concave

lingual

middle 1/3

cervical third

distal, mesial

developmental groove

concave

two common forms of Man 2nd premolar:

3 cusp premolars appear more ______

2 cusp premolar appears ore ________

angular

rounded

Mandibular 2nd Premolar O View: ____ cusp is the largest of the two lingual cusps This tooth is the only premolar with a: Marginal ridges are fairly _______ and _____ Central pit and “___” shaped. Central pit is slightly towards the mesial/distal. Occlusal table is _____ what are the 3 developmental grooves? Central pit is midway between: Central pit is generally ___ to Mesial and Distal pits

ML lingual groove prominent, even y, distal square Mesial developmental, Distal developmental, and Lingual developmental grooves between the F cusp tip and the Li surface Li

MANDIBULAR 2nd PREMOLAR – F VIEW: Buccal cusp is shorter/longer. The cusp angle between the cusp ridges is more acute/obtuse _____ ________ contact areas Root is broader M-D/F-L and root ends in an apex that is sharp/blunt

shorter obtuse broad, symmetrical M-D blunt

MANDIBULAR 2nd PREMOLAR – Li VIEW: Li cusps are shorter/longer than the Li cusp on the first premolar. Less of the ______ cusp is seen ML/DL cusp is larger than the ML/DL cusp A Lingual _____ is present and runs a short distance Less root _________ Buccal to Lingual than in first premolar

longer, buccal ML, DL groove convergence

MANDIBULAR 2nd PREMOLAR – M VIEW: Tooth is wider __________ than 1st premolar ______ cusp is not as centered over the root and is shorter Marginal ridge is at _____ angles to the long axis of tooth More/Less occlusal surface can be seen Slightly shorter/longer but sharper/blunter root

bucco lingually facial right Less longer, blunter

MANDIBULAR 2nd PREMOLAR – D VIEW: More/Less occlusal surface can be seen Distal marginal ridge is at a level lower than the M marginal ridge

MANDIBULAR 2nd PREMOLAR – 2 cusp type height relationship between 2 cusps: Is there a lingual groove?

Li cusp is same height no, but there is a slight depression on the disto lingual

Mandibular 2nd Premolar 2 cusp type O: The two cusp tooth is more ______ on the lingual than the more square 3 cusp Well developed ___ cusp opposite the ____ cusp

rounded Lingual, facial

How to tell between right and left man 1st premolars

flat mesio-lingual line angle mesiolingual groove on the occlusal surface mesial pit closest to cusp ridge

1st premolar vs canine: premolar has ____ cusps premolar has two distinct ____ premolar has a distinct ______ groove

2 pits mesio-lingual

1st molars vs 2nd pre-molars similar flat type broad ______ table blunted ______ cusps marginal ridges are similar_____ and _______

occlusal broad size, position

what is the 3rd most common impacted or congenitally missing tooth behind 3rd molars and Maxillary lateral incisors

mandibular 2nd premolar

the _______ molars must maintain the space for the permanent premolars to erupt

primary

Primary ____ molar maintains the space by keeping the permanent first molar from drifting forward

2nd

The primary molars have larger M-D width than the mandibular premolars. When the mandibular premolars come in the first molar moves ________

forward

Posterior teeth fracture incidence: Most common are _____ _______ specifically the ______ cusps b. Second most common are ______ _______ but in some studies are the most common. Most commonly fractured are ________ and ________ cusps c. Third are the ______ ________. For these, the _______ cusp is most commonly fractured d. _____ ________ are least commonly fractured

mandibular molars, lingual maxillary molars, mesiofacial, distolingual maxillary premolars, buccal mandibular premolars

Mandibular Premolar Fracture Incidence: mandibular molars: maxillary molars: maxillary premolars: mandibular premolars: other:

48% 28% 16% 6% 2%