Managing tectonic hazards Flashcards
What is the park model (disaster response curve) and its stages?
Shows how people respond to hazard event
1)Pre disaster - Normal
2)Disruption - Quality of life declines
3)Relief - Preventing further damage
4)Rehabilitation - Temporary housing
5)Reconstruction - Rebuilding which can either remain the same or there could be improvements compared to before.
4 hazard mitigation strategies and case studies:
This is to modify a hazard.
.Land-use zoning
(Mt Usu in Japan)
.Earthquake resistant buildings and engineering
(Expensive designs in Japan but can be done in cheaper ways like Pakistan building houses made of bales of straw held by plastic netting leads to walls not collapsing when earthquake occurs)
.Diverting of lava flows
(1983 eruption of Mt Etna in Italy), not effective for Mt St Helens in 1980
.GIS mapping, evacuation routes and airports
(carried out by Nepal in 2015)
4 hazard adaptation strategies :
To modify vulnerability of a community.
Monitoring systems
(Indian Ocean warning system established after the 2004 tsunami, data collected from sea floor transmitted via satellite to ground stations every 15 seconds)
Warning systems
(e.g. mobile phone technology done by Japanese government in 2011 warning civilians of the earthquake)
Education
(children in Japan practice earthquake drills 4 times a year)
Crisis mapping, maps areas struck by disaster
(volunteers rode bicycles with GPS trackers to remote villages after Nepal earthquake in 2015 to collect data in infrastructure and number of residents, helps build a picture of vulnerability of these communities)
Modelling hazard impact, mostly tsunamis
(computer models used by New Zealand forecasting the depth of flooding following an undersea earthquake)
Example for each strategy used for volcanoes:
-Land use zoning: Mt Usu in Japan
-Diverting lava flows or spraying with seawater: Effective in Heimaey 1973 but not in Mt St Helens 1980, 12% of mountain removed during eruption
-Resistant design and engineering defences: Volcanic shelters in Japan, can’t be done in poorer nations like DRC
