Coasts Flashcards
What is the littoral zone?
Boundary between land and sea. Defined as wider coastal zone.
Coasts are open systems, what does that mean?
Matter and energy can be transferred in and out of the system
4 inputs:
-Marine (tides, storm surges)
-Atmospheric (climate change, solar energy)
-Land (rock type, tectonic activity)
-People ( human activity)
5 processes:
-Weathering
-Mass movement
-Erosion
-Transport
-Deposition
3 outputs:
-Erosional landforms (arch, stack, headland, bay)
-Depositional landforms (spits, beaches)
-Different types of coasts
Coastal zones=
First one, Backshore
One feature of this zone:
Changes only during storms
Coastal zones=
Last one, Offshore
One feature of this zone:
Beyond point where waves cease to impact the seabed
4 factors that influence wave size:
.Fetch (distance wave has travelled)
.Wind speed
.Time wind has blown for
.Prevailing wind direction
What are high-energy coastlines?
Cornwall
Very rocky due to high energy waves, only hard rock remains.
Rate of erosion is higher than deposition.
Cliffs tend to be steep with little vegetation
What are low-energy coastlines?
Lincolnshire
Sandy beaches, salt marshes and estuaries with much less powerful waves.
Rate of deposition is higher than rate of erosion.
Land with gentle relief and low elevation
3 differences between destructive and constructive waves:
-Destructive waves are high and constructive waves are low
-High frequency of waves for destructive and low frequency for constructive
-Strong backwash in destructive (erodes), strong swash in constructive (deposits)
Examples for erosional landforms:
Headlands (Peveril Point) and bays (Swanage Bay)
Wave cut platforms
Caves, arches, stacks, stumps
Examples of depositional landforms:
Spits
Salt marshes
Cuspate forelands
Double spit
Bars
Tombolos
3 types of mass movement:
Landslide, material falls in straight line quickly
Rotational slumping, down curved angle
Blockfall (rockfall), broken blocks fall in steep cliff
Different landforms caused by mass movement:
Rotational scar, caused by rotational slumping, bit of cliff without vegetation
Terraced cliff profile, caused by multiple rotational slumps
Talus scree slope, caused by rockfall, larger rocks fall to bottom while smaller ones are at the top