Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CompTIA Linux+ > Managing Software > Flashcards

Managing Software Flashcards

1
Q

library

A
  • software component that can be used by many different programs
  • reduce disk space and memory requirements of complex programs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

package management

A

relates to managing programs as files on disk

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

foundational library upon which all other programs in the OS depend

A

linux kernel

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

purpose of package mangement tools

A

maintain a database of installed files

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

software package

A

self-contained module with tracking for all modules/software on which it depends

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

package database

A
  • info about every file installed via package system
  • name of package to which it belongs
  • dependencies
  • checksums
  • upgrades and uninstallation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

checksum

A

signature of a file to ensure:

  • a package hasn’t been manipulated
  • to ensure installation is correct
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

two main package managers

A
  • rpm

- debian

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

True or False: RPM and Debian package management systems provide tools to help create binary packages

A

True

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

binary packages are installed from…

A

source code

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

advantage of installing from source rather than compiling

A
  • track dependencies
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

rpm and debian compatibility

A

two don’t work together

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Suse package management

A

use RPM but are different enough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

main Red Hat distributions

A
  • Red Hat Enterprise Linux, favored by servers
  • Fedora, favord by high level users desktop
  • Centos, enterprise users
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

RPM cross-platform capability

A
  • source RPMs are transportable across architectures (i.e. x86, AMD64)
  • some programs need no recompilation due to architecture-independed scripts
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

RPM package nomenclature

A

packageName-version.Number-buildNumber.architecture.packagemanager
(i.e. Samba-server-3.0.25b-4.5mdv2008.0.x86_64.rpm)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

version information for package

A

can query the rpm bc information is retained within package

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

distribution-specific scripts

A
  • sometimes startup scripts are included, but one may need to make their own
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

rpm switches

A
  • i installs package, system must not contain a package of same name
  • u installs new package or upgrades an existing pkg
  • f or -freshen: upgrades a pkg only if earlier version exists
  • q: queries a pkg, finds if installed, what it contains, and more
  • v or -verify: verifies a pkg, checks files are present and unmodified
  • e: uninstalls pkg
  • b: builds a binary pkg given source code and config files (moved to rpmbuild as of rpm4.2)
  • -rebuild: buils binary pkg (moved to rpmbuild as of rpm4.2)
  • -rebuilddb: rebuilds rpm db to fix errors
  • -root dir: modifies linux system having a root directory located at dir. Can be used to maintain one linux installation separate from another. Can be used during OS installation or emergency maintenance.
    • force complete action without prompt
  • i, -U, -F: forces install of a pkg even when it means overwriting existing files or pkgs
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

command rpm

A
  • tool for red hat package management

- syntax: rpm [operation][options][pkg files | pkg names]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

cpio

A

tool to extract from rpm package

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

command rpm2cpio

A
  • transform rpm archive to cpio

- rpm2cpio [rpmFile] > [cpio file]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

cpio switches

A
  • i extract to archive
  • -make-directories to create directories
    (i. e. cpio -i –make-directories < [cpioFfile]
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

yum tool

A
  • yum enables easy installation of pkgs and dependencies
  • meta-packager
  • locates all files for us by searching in a repository
  • syntax: yum [options] [command] [package…]
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

yum commands

A
  • install
  • update, will update all if no pkg is specified
  • check-update discovers available updates
  • upgrade like update but will also check for obsolete software
  • remove or erase deletes pkg and dependencies from system
  • list displays info about a package such as version and available updates
  • provides or whatprovides displays info for a specified program or feature
  • search finds package names, summaries, packagers, descriptions
  • info displays information about a pkg
  • clean delets cache of downloaded packages
  • shell enters shell mode so you can enter multiple comamnds one after another
  • resolvedep displays pkgs matching specified dependency
  • localinstall isntalls specified local rpm file using yum repositories to resolve dependencies
  • localupdate updates system using specified local rpm files and yum repositories to resolve dependencies
  • deplist displays dependencies of specified pkg
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

rpm config file

A

/usr/lib/rpm/rpmrc

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

popular repositories

A
  • livna
  • kde red hat
  • fresh rpms
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

main debian distributions

A
  • ubuntu
  • libranet
  • xandros
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

debian compatability

A

neutral with respect to OS and cpu type

30
Q

debian maintainers

A

volunteers

31
Q

dpkg switches

A
  • i or -install: installs pkg
  • -configure: reconfigure an install pkg, runs postinstallation script to set site-specific options
  • r, –remove: remove a pkg leave config files
  • P, –purge: remove a pkg and configs
  • p, –print-avail: display info about installed pkg
  • I or –info: displays info about an uninstalled pkg
  • l (lower L), –list: lists installed pkgs whose name matches pattern
  • L, –listfiles: lists installed files asociated with a pkg
  • S, –search: locates pkg that own file specified by pattern
  • C, –audit: searches for partially installed pkgs and suggest what to do with them
32
Q

apt

A
  • apt enables easy installation of pkgs and dependencies
  • debian meta-packager
  • locates all files for us by searching in a repository
  • syntax: apt [options] [command] [package…]
33
Q

dselect

A
  • dselect enables easy installation of pkgs and dependencies
  • debian meta-packager
  • locates all files for us by searching in a repository
  • syntax: dselect [options] [command] [package…]
34
Q

command apt-cache

A
  • provide info about debian pkg database
35
Q

command apt-cache showpkg

A
  • displays info about pkg

- syntax: apt-cache showpkg [packageName]

36
Q

command apt-cache stats

A
  • displays pkg info, pkg statistics

- syntax: apt-cache stats

37
Q

command apt-cache depends

A
  • displays dependencies

- syntax: apt-cache depends [packageName]

38
Q

command apt-cache unmet

A
  • find unmet dependencies

- syntax: apt-cache unmet

39
Q

command apt-cache pkgnames

A
  • displays all installed pkgs
  • finds only those which include a pattern if provided
  • syntax: apt-cache pkgnames [pattern]
40
Q

apt repositories config

A

/etc/apt/sources.list

41
Q

command apt

A
  • allows one to get softare from list of repositiories easily
  • syntax: apt [options]
42
Q

apt update

A
  • apt update: obtains updated info about pkgs available from /etc/apt/sources.list
43
Q

apt upgrade

A

apt command which upgrades all installed pkgs to newest versions available based on locally stored info about available pkgs

44
Q

apt install

A

apt command which installs a pkg by name, obtaining from source that contains recent version

45
Q

apt remove

A

apt command which deletes a specified pkg by name

46
Q

apt source

A

apt command which retrieves newest available source pkg file by pkg filename using info from installation archives listed in /etc/apt/sources.list

47
Q

apt clean

A

apt command which checks pkg db for consistency and broken installations

48
Q

apt check

A

apt command which performs housekeeping to clear out info about retrieved files from debian pkg db

49
Q

apt autoclean

A

apt command similar to clean but removes info only about pkgs that can no longer be downloaded

50
Q

dselect tool

A
  • high-level package browser for debian
  • select pkgs to intall from apt archives defined in /etc/apt/sources.list
  • review packages already installed, uninstall, and upgrade
  • similar to apt tool
51
Q

aptitude tool

A
  • interactive mode similar to dselect
  • adds menus accessed by ctrl+T and rearranges some features
  • combines interactive features of dselect with cli options of apt
52
Q

configuration file for debian package tools

A
  • dpkg: /etc/dpkg/dpkg.cfg or ~/.dpkg.cfg
  • apt: /etc/apt/sources.list
  • apt and dselect optins: /etc/apt/apt.conf
53
Q

tool to convert between debian package formats

A
  • Alien
  • requires appropriate package manager software installed
  • not 100% reliable dependency info conversion
  • works only if original tarball has files that should be isntalled off / directory
  • does not use db features of these packages unless you choose the –install option
54
Q

command alien

A
  • syntax: alien [options] file[]

- debian format is default

55
Q

alien switches

A

–to-deb: convert to debian
–to-rpm: convert to rpm
–to-slp: convert to stampede
–to-tgz: conver to tarball
(i.e.
tar xvfz program.tar.gz
mv program-files usr
tar cvfz program.tgz usr
rm -r usr
alien –to-rpm program.tgz)

56
Q

.so

A

shared object

57
Q

static library nomenclature

A

.a filename extensions

58
Q

shared library nomenclature

A

.so or so.version filename extensions

59
Q

how can binary program fils point to libraries?

A
  • name (i.e. libc.so.6)

- complete path (i.e. /lib/libc.so.6)

60
Q

how to configure a library path

A
  • global config file
  • env variable
  • /etc/ld.so.conf contains list of directories containing libraries
  • /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf contains a number of config files
61
Q

config file containing a list of directories containing libraries

A

/etc/ld.so.conf

62
Q

type of line to treat config files within a directory as if they were part of the main /etc/ld.so.conf

A

include /etc/ld.so.conf.d/*.conf

63
Q

libraries always on the library path, always refered to by Linuxq

A
  • /lib

- /usr/lib

64
Q

library path environment variable

A

LD_LIBRARY_PATH

i.e. export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=/usr/local/testlib:/opt/newlib will add two directories to the path

65
Q

ldd

A

displays a program’s shared library dependencies

66
Q

ldconfig

A

updates caches and links used by the system for locating libraries. It reads /etc/ld.so.conf and implements changesin that file or in the directories to which the file refers.

67
Q

command ldd

A
  • syntax: ldd [options]

- can be run by ordinary and root users

68
Q

essential step after adding or removing libraries

A

reload /etc/ld.so.cache

69
Q

True or False: ld.so and ld-linux.so programs read /etc/ld.so.conf every run

A

false, they use the cache in /etc/ld.so.cache

70
Q

RPM and Debian automatically do this step after installing or removing packages

A

run ldconfig

CompTIA Linux+ (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions