Managing Movement Disorders

Question 1

What is ataxia?

A) Loss of consciousness
B) Lack of muscle control and coordination
C) Increased muscle tone
D) Increased reflexes

Answer 1

B) Lack of muscle control and coordination

Question 2

Which brain region is primarily affected in ataxia?

A) Cerebellum
B) Frontal lobe
C) Hippocampus
D) Medulla

Answer 2

A) Cerebellum

Question 3

What is a common cause of cerebellar ataxia?

A) Hypertension
B) Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)
C) Renal disease
D) Asthma

Answer 3

B) Cerebrovascular accident (CVA)

Question 4

Which of the following is NOT a symptom of ataxia?

A) Dysarthria
B) Gait disturbance
C) Increased muscle tone
D) Visual dysfunction

Answer 4

C) Increased muscle tone

Question 5

Which scale assesses gait, stance, sitting, and dysmetria in ataxia?

A) SARA
B) BARS
C) ICARS
D) MMSE

Answer 5

A) SARA

Question 6

How many items are on the Brief Ataxia Rating Scale (BARS)?

A) 5
B) 10
C) 8
D) 15

Answer 6

A) 5

Question 7

Which intervention is used for stabilizing the trunk in ataxia management?

A) Walking without support
B) Proximal stabilization
C) Rotating trunk exercises
D) Increasing movement speed

Answer 7

B) Proximal stabilization

Question 8

Which device is designed to dampen tremors during eating?

A) Weighted spoon
B) Liftware Steady
C) Electric toothbrush
D) Platform walker

Answer 8

B) Liftware Steady

Question 9

Which type of tremor is observed at rest?

A) Postural tremor
B) Intention tremor
C) Task-specific tremor
D) Resting tremor

Answer 9

D) Resting tremor

Question 10

Dysmetria refers to a difficulty in:

A) Muscle contraction
B) Rapid alternating movements
C) Movement accuracy
D) Tremor control

Answer 10

C) Movement accuracy

Question 11

Hypotonia is commonly observed in patients with:

A) Spinal injury
B) Cerebellar dysfunction
C) Parkinson’s disease
D) Asthma

Answer 11

B) Cerebellar dysfunction

Question 12

Which tool is used to measure postural and gait disturbance in ataxia?

A) ICARS
B) Barthel Index
C) ADL scale
D) Glasgow Coma Scale

Answer 12

A) ICARS

Question 13

Cuff weights help patients with ataxia by:

A) Increasing movement speed
B) Decreasing degrees of freedom
C) Enhancing agility
D) Reducing pain

Answer 13

B) Decreasing degrees of freedom

Question 14

Compression garments for tremor management are:

A) Well-supported by evidence
B) Only beneficial for posture
C) Anecdotally beneficial
D) Mainly used for lower limbs

Answer 14

C) Anecdotally beneficial

Question 15

Which of the following is a core goal of ataxia therapy?

A) Increasing degrees of freedom
B) Decreasing postural control
C) Enhancing proximal stability
D) Reducing proprioception

Answer 15

C) Enhancing proximal stability

Question 16

Which therapeutic exercise supports core stability?

A) Running
B) Wall squats
C) Elbow flexion
D) Shoulder shrugs

Answer 16

B) Wall squats

Question 17

Biofeedback is sometimes used for:

A) Increasing tremors
B) Improving muscle tone
C) Tremor dampening
D) Gait enhancement

Answer 17

C) Tremor dampening

Question 18

The International Cooperative Ataxia Rating Scale (ICARS) has how many items?

A) 8
B) 10
C) 19
D) 5

Answer 18

C) 19

Question 19

Oscillopsia is best described as:

A) Poor posture
B) Visual blurring during movement
C) Tremor at rest
D) Inability to initiate movement

Answer 19

B) Visual blurring during movement

Question 20

What is a common intervention for gait ataxia?

A) Wrist splints
B) High-back chairs
C) Virtual reality training
D) Open-chain exercises

Answer 20

C) Virtual reality training

Question 21

Patients with cerebellar dysfunction often experience:

A) Increased reflexes
B) Decreased muscle tone
C) Improved balance
D) Increased proprioception

Answer 21

B) Decreased muscle tone

Question 22

Balance-based torso weighting (BBTW) is aimed at:

A) Improving arm movement speed
B) Enhancing standing stability
C) Reducing gait speed
D) Increasing visual acuit

Answer 22

B) Enhancing standing stability

Question 23

Which condition involves difficulty with rapid alternating movements?

A) Hypotonia
B) Dysdiadochokinesia
C) Dysmetria
D) Hypertonia

Answer 23

B) Dysdiadochokinesia

Question 24

An example of an adaptive device for patients with tremors is:

A) Long straw
B) Liftware Steady spoon
C) Head brace
D) Wrist cuff weights

Answer 24

B) Liftware Steady spoon

Question 25

Weighted utensils are mainly recommended for patients with:

A) Parkinson’s tremors
B) Ataxic dysarthria
C) Visual dysfunction
D) Resting tremors

Answer 25

A) Parkinson’s tremors

Question 26

Compression garments in ataxia are used to:

A) Reduce muscle tone
B) Decrease proprioception
C) Help with tremor management
D) Increase heart rate

Answer 26

C) Help with tremor management

Question 27

Which assessment is used specifically for finger-chase and heel-shin tests?

A) MMSE
B) SARA
C) BARS
D) ICARS

Answer 27

B) SARA

Question 28

Task-specific orthoses are designed to:

A) Reduce vision impairment
B) Stabilize joints for specific tasks
C) Increase movement velocity
D) Support cardiovascular health

Answer 28

B) Stabilize joints for specific tasks

Question 29

Effective OT/PT intervention for ataxia often includes:

A) Manual resistance
B) Proximal stability exercises
C) High-speed arm movements
D) Open chain strengthening

Answer 29

B) Proximal stability exercises

Question 30

In virtual reality therapy for ataxia, the focus is on:

A) Reflex inhibition
B) Balance and coordination
C) Eye-hand coordination only
D) Isolated muscle strength

Answer 30

B) Balance and coordination