managing local anesthesia for endo Flashcards
articaine
1) amide and ester properties
amides
1) metabolized hepatic system
ester
1) metabolized by plasma
intermediate duration of pulpal anesthesia
1) about 60 minutes
which anesthetics are safe to use for pregnancy
1) lidocaine is safe
2) articaine, bupivacaine, mepivacaine category C
maxillary teeth
1) 1-2 carps of 4% articaine with 1:100k epi
2) buccal infiltration and 1/4 carp on the lingual aspect for rubber dam clamp
success of lidocaine in maxillary
1) works well
does increasing cartridge of anesthetics help in maxillary
1) not really, just use 1 carp
articaine sucess rate
1) higher than lidocaine for incisors
2)about the same for molars
buccal plus palatal
1) usually better for hot tooth
2) gets more numb
PSA
1) might cause a hematoma
2) usually infiltration is better
augmentation
1) supplement at the 30 minute mark
2) do not wait until the whole time
standard protocol for mandibular teeth
1) anteriors
- infiltration 1-2 carps of articaine
2) molars and premolars
- IA block with 2% lidocaine
- give a supplemental infiltration of articaine 1/2 buccal, 1/2 lingual when they start to feel tingly
how to check for anesthesia
1) endo ice for RCT because you are going all the way to the nerve
2) leave it on for several seconds
why is failure of a block higher for anteriors
1) central core theory
2) axons in the outer area innervate molars and premolar
3) but the inner core area innervates the anteriors
anesthesia success in symptomatic irreversible pulpitis
1) not a hot tooth, IANB is 75-90% success
2) with a hot tooth, IANB success is 15-57%
3) people with significant pre op pain 16%
septocaine vs lidocaine for blocks
1) success is the same
2) suggestion to not use articaine
- 5x more risk for nerve injuries
- risk for paresthesia…is overall still really really low
- so maybe the result is overblown
medications for pre-op
1) ibuprofen
nitrous
1) success is 50%
patient related factors
1) hx of diabetes and pre-op pain interfere
2) pts. with red hair has MC1R
- may have more anxiety and fear
supplemental anesthetic injections
1) intraosseous
- special syringe to go into cortical bone
- success is a lot higher
2) intraligamentary
- PDL injection
3) intrapulpal
- FINAL resort
considerations for intraosseous
1) do not do in painful teeth with necrotic pulp
2) do not do it with cellulitis or abscess
3) or bisphosphonate issues
buccal infiltration after block
1) articaine > lidocaine for supplementals
PDL injection
1) use intraligamentary syringe
- grab that
2) the manual PDL injection may not have enough pressure
3) often may feel occlusion is high afterward
4) may be painful
intraosseous
1) slow speed handdrill to drill into the bone
2) then use needle to insert into the sleeve
intrapulpal
1) super painful
2) success is backed on presence of back pressure
3) success drops when access is large
gow gates vs IAN
1) no difference for a hot tooth
can always do a pulpotomy only
1) 96% pain relief
2) do not need to start debridement if not time