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PSA > Managing Conditions > Flashcards

Managing Conditions Flashcards

1
Q

What should a patient in mild pain receive?

A

Paracetamol 1g 6-hourly PO

Codeine 30mg up to 6 hourly PO

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2
Q

What should a patient in severe pain receive?

A

Cocodamol 30/500, 2 tablets 6 hourly PO

Morphine sulphate 10mg up to 6-hourly PO as required

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3
Q

What is the initial management of all cardiovascular emergencies?

A

ABC

15L oxygen via non-rebreathe mask

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4
Q

How is a STEMI managed, as opposed to an NSTEMI?

A 
300mg PO aspirin
5-10mg IV morphine
10mg IV metoclopramide
GTN spray/tablet
Primary PCI
5mg PO atenolol

NSTEMI given clopidogrel 300mg PO and enoxaparin 1mg/kg BD SC instead of primary PCI.

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5
Q

Morphine, metoclopramide, GTN, and IV furosemide, form the management of which patient?

A

Acute heart failure

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6
Q

In patients with acute heart failure, what other management can be tried?

A

Isosorbide dinitrate infusion

CPAP

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7
Q

In which patients with VT should a synchronized DC shock be given, followed by 300mg IV amiodarone?

A

Signs of shock
Syncope
MI
HF

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8
Q

What are the differentials for broad complex VT?

A

Irregular: AF w/ BBB
Regular: VT

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9
Q

What are the differentials for narrow complex VT?

A

Irregular: AF
Regular: SVT

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10
Q

What is the treatment of anaphylaxis?

A 
ABC and 15L O2
IM adrenaline 500mcg of 1:1000
IV chlorphenamine
IV hydrocortisone
Asthma tx if wheeze
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11
Q

What is the treatment of an acute exacerbation of asthma?

A 
Oxygen
Salbutamol NEB
Hydrocortisone IV/Prednisolone PO
Ipratropium NEB
Theophylline
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12
Q

What is the difference in management in acute exacerbation of COPD and asthma?

A

They are the same, except COPD patients receive antibiotics if an infective cause is suspected.

Also, oxygen is used with caution.

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13
Q

What is the management of PE?

A

ABC and oxygen
IV morphine
IV metoclopramide
LMWH/thrombolysis

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14
Q

What fluid is prescribed in patients with GI bleeding?

A

Crystalloid

Cross match 6 units

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15
Q

If prothrombin time or APTT is >1.5x normal range, what is given?

A

FFP

Unless on warfarin - give prothrombin complex

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16
Q

What threshold of platelets is used to guide platelet transfusions?

A

<50x10^9, unless critical bleeding

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17
Q

What antibiotic is prescribed for bacterial meningitis?

A

IV cefotaxime 2g

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18
Q

What is the management of status epilepticus?

A

IV lorazepam x3
Phenytoin infusion
RSI with sodium thiopentol

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19
Q

What rate of insulin is given in DKA?

A

0.1IU/kg/hour

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20
Q

What is the treatment threshold in hypertension?

A

135/85

21
Q

What medications are used in chronic HF?

A

ACEI and BB
ARB/hydralazine and isosorbide mononitrate
Furosemide

22
Q

What are the components of the CHAD2DS2-VASc score?

A 
CCF
Hypertension
Age>75 (2)
DM
Stroke/TIA (2)
Vascular disease
Age 65-74
Female sex
23
Q

What is the treatment threshold of the CHAD2DS2-VASc score?

A

0 - no tx
1 - antiplatelet/anticoag
2- anticoag

24
Q

In which AF patients is rhythm control (cardioversion or amiodarone/flecainide) used?

A

Young
Symptomatic
First episode
Reversible cause

25
Q

Which AF patients undergo cardioversion?

A

Presented less than 48h

Haemodynamically unstable

26
Q

What is the rate control management of AF?

A

BB or diltiazem

Combine with digoxin

27
Q

What is the management of angina?

A

GTN spray
Secondary prevention
One anti-anginal drug such as BB or CCB (amlodipine or diltiazem)

28
Q

What is the treatment of absence seizures?

A

Sodium valproate or ethosuximide

29
Q

What is the treatment of GTC seizures?

A

Sodium valproate

30
Q

What is the treatment of partial seizures?

A

Carbamazepine or lamotrigine

31
Q

What should be checked before starting azathioprine?

A

TPMT levels

32
Q

What is the maximum amount of paracetamol that can be prescribed in 24h?

A

4g

33
Q

Name an osmotic laxative?

A

Lactulose

34
Q

Name a stool softener and what it is good for?

A

Docusate sodium

Good for faecal impaction

35
Q

How much fluid does a typical adult require per day?

A

3L IV maintenance fluids

8-hourly bags

36
Q

How much fluid does an elderly patient require per day?

A

2L IV maintenance fluids

12-hourly bags

37
Q

How much potassium is required per day when nil by mouth?

A

40-60mmol

38
Q

Why do colloids maintain blood pressure for longer?

A

They stay intravascularly

39
Q

What is a contraindication to lactulose?

A

Bloating

40
Q

What is a contraindication to senna/bisacodyl?

A

Cramps

41
Q

Name a stimulant laxative.

A

Senna

42
Q

Name an osmotic laxative.

A

Lactulose

43
Q

What is a disadvantage of isphagula husk?

A

May take days to have an effect

44
Q

Name a prokinetic anti-emetic.

A

Metoclopramide

45
Q

What drug class is cyclizine and ondansetron?

A

Cyclizine: anti-histamine
Ondansetron: 5HT3 antagonist

46
Q

What anti-emetic is preferred in bowel obstruction?

A

Decompression with NG tube.

47
Q

Which drug is the best choice for acute severe pain, and an exception.

A

Morphine

Unless regular pain is being controlled with a different drug

48
Q

How much potassium is required for a NBM patient per day?

A

1mmol/kg

PSA (4 decks)

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