Managing Change Flashcards
What two types of change is there?
External
Internal
What is external change?
Happens outside of the business, out of control of any individual business
What is internal change?
Change that happens within the business
Change may be…?
Change may be:
- Rapid and unexpected
- Long term
- Incremental
- Disruptive, e.g. Dyson
What is Lewin’s force field analysis?
How forces for change and forces resisting change lead to the current state of the business.
For change to occur, at least one of these forces must alter
What forces push for change in Lewin’s force field analysis?
- The need to keep up with the competition
- An increasing number of customer complaints
- New owners wanting higher returns
- A poor performance
What forces may resist change in Lewin’s force field analysis?
- Lack of finance for investment
- A reluctance on behalf of existing staff to change the way they do things
- Resistance from certain stakeholders groups that might be worse off following the change
What is a mechanistic structure?
A mechanistic structure is one which there are many rules and procedures and clearly defined roles and levels of hierarchy
What is an organic structure?
Organic structures have fluid teams that are created for specific projects, then mixed up for new projects.
What are the four reasons for resistance to change according to Kotter and Schlesinger?
Self interest
- May think they will be worse off
- May lack knowledge or skills required
Preference for the present situation
- Prefer things the way they are
Differing assessment of the situation
- Do not think it’s the right plan
Misunderstanding
- Don’t understand why change is needed
According to Kotter and Schlesinger, how can resistance to change be overcome?
Education and communication
Facilitation and support
Participation and involvement
Manipulation and co-option
Negotiation and bargaining
Explicit and implicit coercion
