Managerial Com. First test ch. 1-7

Question 1

Human communication

Answer 1

the process of understanding our experiences and the experiences of others through the use of verbal and nonverbal messages

Question 2

Professional excellence

Answer 2

Must demonstrate excellence as a communicator. It is not merely communicating a message effectively or simply demonstrating communication competencies, it means being recognized for your skills as a communicator and serving as a role model to others

Question 3

Communication bravado

Answer 3

perceiving their communication as effective, while those around them perceive it as ineffective. Ineffective communicators view communication as simply talking, while effective communicators know it is far more complicated

Question 4

Communication model

Answer 4

There are roles of sender and receiver. The sender encodes the messages with verbal and nonverbal cues to help others understand what you mean. The receiver decodes your message, and you find out if your message was successfully transferred. A message is sent during this interaction, you cannot not communicate. Feedback is sent from the receiver to the sender, another message. The channel is the method by which your send your message (email, face-to-face). Context is the location, time, and occasion where communication occurs. External noise is the distractions such as audible talking during a meeting, ruffling of papers, etc. that interfere with a communicator’s ability to focus on the message. Internal noise is any internal condition that interferes with the communicators ability to focus on the message (hungry, tired, etc.)

Question 5

Communication rules

Answer 5

Shared understanding of what communication means and what constitues appropriate communication given the context. Regulative rules are when, how, where, and with whom to talk about certain things. Constitutive rules define what communication means by prompting us to count certain kinds of communication, learning what counts as paying attention, showing affection, and being inappropriate

Question 6

Verbal communication

Answer 6

both our words and our verbal fillers, they are created through language

Question 7

Non-verbal communication

Answer 7

AKA body language, includes all the ways we communicate without words. It is communication other than written or spoken language that creates meaning for someone. Codes of nonverbal communication are: vocal expression, space, environment, territory, physical appearance, body movement, gestures, postures, facial/eye expressions, touch

Question 8

Hall’s personal space bubbles

Answer 8

Intimate space: 0-18 inches, giving hugs, handshakes. Personal space: 18 inch-4 feet, friends and family space. Social space 4-12 feet, where we expect our acquaintances to stay. Public space: 12-25 feet, distance standing in public speaking in front of an audience or passing strangers

Question 9

Communication apprehension

Answer 9

Individual’s level of fear or anxiety associated with either real or anticipated communication with another person or persons

Question 10

Context-based communication apprehension

Answer 10

describes a fear of communication in certain contexts (public speaking)

Question 11

Audience-based communication apprehension

Answer 11

explains a person’s fear of speaking to certain people or groups

Question 12

Situational communication apprehension

Answer 12

refers to apprehension to communicate in specific sets of circumstances

Question 13

Causes for apprehension

Answer 13

Novelty: doing something you don’t do every day (giving a speech). Formality: being in the spotlight can increase nervousness. Subordinate status: someone is in charge of you, his higher status increases anxiety. Peer evaluation: concerns how your peers will evaluate you. Dissimilarity: feeling different from the audience, having little or nothing in common. Conspicuousness: feeling as though you are in the spotlight. Lack of attention: if you feel the listener is bored and uninterested in your speech. Prior history: having a bad experience before.

Question 14

Resumes

Answer 14

a resume provides a picture of who you are as an employee by highlighting your skill set. A good one illustrates how you fit in the position and organization as well as the skills you possess. Must have contact info, an objective, education, experience (work or related), can have skills, may include (not always) awards and hobbies and references

Question 15

Generic resume

Answer 15

the starting point for resume, includes contact info, experience, education. Work toward customized resume off of this

Question 16

Customized resume

Answer 16

Highlights certain points of strength related directly to the position you are applying for

Question 17

Chronological resume

Answer 17

most common, emphasizes employment/or experience history, listing elements in reverse chronological order

Question 18

Functional (skill based) resume

Answer 18

emphasizes skills and attributes that can be applied to a variety of employment situations, skills are broken down into categories that quickly communicate to employers what you can do for them.

Question 19

Combination resume

Answer 19

combines elements of the chronological and functional resume to highlight what skills or experience you have

Question 20

Cover letters

Answer 20

cover letters accompany your resume and serve to introduce you as a potential employee, highlight your resume, and demonstrate your writing skills. State that your interested in a specific position, then highlight why you are qualified for this position, making specific reference to the required skills and qualifications noted in the job posting

Question 21

Reference sheet

Answer 21

part of your resume that has references to which employer can contact to learn more about you

Question 22

Interview

Answer 22

Before interview you should prepare your message, anticipate questions, script answers, practice your answers, prepare your appearance, and reduce nervousness.

Question 23

Assimilation

Answer 23

the adjustment period of “settling in” that’s common for anyone starting a new job

Question 24

Socialization

Answer 24

the experiences we have that shape our attitudes, perceptions, emotions, and communication choices in the workplace

Question 25

Organizational culture

Answer 25

the way an organization operates, the attitudes the employees have, and the overall tone and approach to any given business

Question 26

Artifacts

Answer 26

temporary embellishments (furniture, jewelry, signs) or objects characteristic of a particular culture or institution that provide info about personalities, attitudes, group affiliation, and organizational membership

Question 27

Cultural rituals

Answer 27

practices, behaviors, celebrations, and traditions common to people, organizations, and institutions

Question 28

Jargon

Answer 28

the terminology or language of a given field or profession

Question 29

Narrative

Answer 29

stories we use to come to understand the organizational culture and one another

Question 30

Worldview

Answer 30

culture's orientation to supernatural, human, and natural entities in the cosmological universe and other philosophical issues influencing how its members see the world

Question 31

Cultural competency

Answer 31

refers to the level of knowledge a person has about others who are different in some way in comparison to himself or herself

Question 32

Perception checking

Answer 32

asking others if one's perceptions or sense of understanding is correct or incorrect

Question 33

Stereotype

Answer 33

the way humans use their minds to perceive others as belonging to a social group

Question 34

Diversity

Answer 34

ethnicity, language, religion, diability, gender, sexual orientation

Question 35

Interpersonal communication

Answer 35

the cocreation of meaning through two or more people interacting

Question 36

Layers of communication

Answer 36

explicit message (content layer): the topic that is being directly discussed. Relational message (layer): the way that someone will receive the message through the tone of voice, expressions, how the message was said

Question 37

Hearing vs. listening

Answer 37

listening is understanding and processing what was being said, cognitively processing it by tuning out distractions. Hearing is hearing the sounds being said, but not having it register

Question 38

Message overload

Answer 38

receiving too much info at once, making it difficult to stay focused on the primary message being communicated

Question 39

Listening strategies

Answer 39

informational listening: listening for details, selectively picking out what you want/need to hear. Critical listening: trying to evaluate or judge a message. Empathetic listening: listening without judgment, hope interviewer practices this. Passive listening: not showing feedback when listening. Active listening: being interested in the person talking and giving feedback

Question 40

Three types of work relationships

Answer 40

superior/subordinate, co-worker relationships, customer-client relationships

Question 41

Semantic-information difference

Answer 41

a difference in perception that exists between employees and supervisors over fundamental things such as organizational issues or basic job duties

Question 42

Upward distortion

Answer 42

the alteration of messages sent from subordinates to supervisors

Question 43

Informal communication network/grapevine

Answer 43

regularly occurring lines of communication that exist within an organization but that not prescribed by the organizational chart

Question 44

Contractual

Answer 44

stay within the role or expectation of the supervisory so that you can develop a positive relationship

Question 45

Communication privacy management (CPM)

Answer 45

theory that describes how people establish rules about privacy and manage privacy using spatial metaphors

Question 46

Self-disclosure

Answer 46

the sharing of information that people cannot learn about us unless we reveal it to them

Question 47

Electronic aggression

Answer 47

a form of aggressive communication in which people who interact on professional topics are filled with emotionality and aggression

Question 48

Email etiquette

Answer 48

spell-checked for mechanical and grammatical errors, free of jokes, doesn't contain harassing, negative, or aggressive language; illustrates professional excellence; free of racist, sexist, or discriminatory language; free of sexual language, violence, and pornographic images

Question 49

Information overload

Answer 49

when information, requests for feedback, taking on new projects, responding to questions, answering the phone, and taking required online classes for work on top of attending to our loved ones, children, pets, and other family matters leave us feeling stressed and as though things are spinning out of control

Question 50

Chronemics

Answer 50

the study of time as communication

Question 51

Asynchronous time

Answer 51

when messages are posted at one time and read at another time

Question 52

Synchronous time

Answer 52

communication with little lag time between comments

Question 53

Specific vs. general language

Answer 53

General language is vague, and easily misinterpreted. Specific language used facts, percentages, other concrete facts so conclusions can be made

Question 54

Business letter

Answer 54

used to communicate formal matters in business. Use this form of correspondence when you want to write a cover letter to accompany your resume, announcing business news, or change in operating procedures. Should have letterhead, date, address of recipient, opening, body, closing, signature.

Question 55

Employee review

Answer 55

Serve as a form of written communication used in business and professional settings to provide feedback to employees about how they are performing on the job

Question 56

Recommendation letter

Answer 56

a form of written communication used to provide a documented reference for students and professionals. Is needed when a college/university or employer requests one.

Question 57

Thank you note

Answer 57

written communication used to express appreciation to coworkers and clients. Should have one after interview, hand-written is best

Question 58

Memo

Answer 58

typically a short note or update distributed in business. Memos should be reserved for communicating info that's critically important (date: to: from: re:)

Question 59

Process directive

Answer 59

descriptions of new policies/procedures and changes to those that are already in place. Distributed to the employees or department that the directive impacts and are filed as official documents of organizational policy

Question 60

Proposal

Answer 60

utilized in many business and professional settings to propose products and services to potential clients

Question 61

Report

Answer 61

written communication used to summarize research or assessment findings to inform managers about important issues related to business