Managerial Com. Final exam Flashcards
human communication
the process of understanding our experiences and the experiences of other through the use of verbal and nonverbal messages
professional excellence
Not merely communicating a message effectively or simply demonstrating communication competencies, it means being recognized for your skills as a communicator and serving as a role model to others
interpersonal communication
the co-creation of meaning through a dyadic interaction (2 or more people)
Layers of communication
explicit (content layer) message is the topic that is being directly discussed. Relational message (layer) is the way that someone will receive the message, the tone of voice, the way that message was said
3 types of work relationships
superior/subordinate, co-worker relationships, customer-client
Semantic-information difference
a difference in perception that exists between employees and supervisors over fundamental things such as organizational issues or basic job duties
Upward distortion
the alteration of messages sent from subordinates to supervisors
Group
three or more individuals who are working toward a common goal or share a common purpose, as a result of their common goal, they have relationships, interaction, and influence with one another
Team
a group in which members share leadership responsibility for creating a team identity, achieving mutually defined goals, and fostering innovative thinking. 4 differences are leadership responsibilities, team members share an identity (say “us” or “we”), team members work towards goals while defining them, strive for innovation
Meetings
the central form of team communication. During meetings, leadership can be shared, goals and purposes can be defined, a team identity can be developed, and innovation can be fostered. Have to consider meeting environment, topics, and participants
Team membership roles
task roles, relationship roles, self-centered roles. Task roles help the team carry out tasks and get work done. Relationship roles strengthen or maintain team relationships. Self-centered roles interfere with the team’s ability to complete tasks
Decision making
the act of choosing among a set of alternatives under conditions that necessitate choice
Problem solving
not only making a choice but coming up with quality alternatives from which to select and then working to implement the choice your team selects
Reflective thinking process
- Describing and analyzing the problem 2. Generating possible solutions 3. Evaluating all solutions 4. Deciding on the solution 5. Planning how to implement the solution
Decision strategies
Decision by the leader is when members are not truly functioning as a team. Majority rule involves voting. Compromise a lose-lose approach, limits innovation. Consensus is when a solution or agreement that all team members can support is reached, best option but very time consuming
Groupthink
a tendency of highly cohesive groups to suspend critical thinking and make faulty decisions, occurs when group members do not want to be a conflicting voice and go along with the group
Meetingthink
has the same outcome as groupthink, but not same inputs. Result of false empowerment (group thinks it has power, leader makes decision regardless of them), overload, or poorly run meetings
Approaches to conflict
flight is when you choose not to engage or deal with a conflict. Fight requires you to engage in some type of confrontation. Unite requires team members to move away from stating positions to exploring interest, team members are joint problem solvers rather than adversaries
Leadership definition
a dynamic relationship based on mutual influence and common purpose between leaders and collaborators in which both are moved to higher levels of motivation and moral development as they affect real, intended change
Trait leadership
a distinguishing characteristic or quality thats part of individual character. Can be physical traits, social background traits, social traits, personality traits, and task related traits
Legitimate power
based on a position of authority, a manager has legitimate power over the department
Coercive power
the ability to control another person’s behavior with negative reinforcement
Reward power
control over another person’s behavior with positive reinforcement
Expert power
based on one’s superior expertise in a specific field
Referent power
power you give to someone else because you want them to like you
Connection power
its know what you know but who you know
Managers vs leaders
managers include duties like being in charge of a section of company, supervising subordinates. Leadership includes influencing and guiding followers as opposed to subordinates, as well as being innovative and creating a vision for future direction
Behavioral leadership
Authoritative style is when the leader makes all decisions with little input from team. Laissez-faire style is when the team makes decisions with little input from leader. Democratic style is when the leader follows the will of the people or majority, voting.
Theory X
mangers believe the average employee dislikes work; must be controlled, directed, and threatened to do job; they prefer to be told what to do, avoid responsibility, have little ambition, and value job security above all
Theory Y
Managers believe the need and desire to work is natural; controlling, threatening is not the only means to get employees to do job; the average employee is motivated by achieving goals; the average employee seeks responsibility; employee strengths are usually not utilized
Situational leadership
leaders should take into account task behavior, relationship behavior, and level of maturity/readiness of the followers in order to select the most effective communication style
Blake and Mouton’s managerial grid
includes 5 managerial styles: impoverished, country club, authoritative, middle of the road, and team. Incorporates 2 dimensions, concern for people and concern for task. manager falls inbetween different styles depending on their positions
Fielder’s contingency theory
there is no best way for managers to lead. Excellent managers asses the situation and then select the leadership style and accompanying communication style that best fits the situation. Need to look at the leader-follower relationship, the task structure, and the position power
transformational leadership
leaders who articulate a goal or vision to an organization and then inspire followers to make that vision a reality, requiring them to transcend their own personal interest for the good of the organization
Rules for communicating about your team
when there are problems, the buck stops with you. When there are successes, you never take the credit
Leader as parent
can be understanding, focus on developing others, role models. See people as a family
Organizational family
bully; sniper (pop in with nasty comments); drama queen; slacker; vampire (seems to be laughter, everyone else does her work); grump; roadblock to change; distracter; patient (brings problems to office); team player; star
Offering feedback
feedback is made up of setting expectations, providing feedback regularly; praising team members (publicly and privately); holding team members accountable (shortcomings in private); motivating through feedback; enacting consequences
Face-saving behavior
both verbal and non-verbal communication that honors and maintains the other person’s sense of self-respect in a given situation. Talk about employees shortcomings in a private setting
Goal setting theory
one of the most effect ways to improve employee motivation. The leader and team member develop goals together
Impression management
ensures your public image. Done by directing the formation of an impression or perception others have of you
Communication networks
a group of individuals who regularly share a line of communication, both formal or informal
Ethos
the credibility as a presenter and information presented. Established by demonstrating competence, trustworthiness, and goodwill
Pathos
refers to emotional appeal. Can achieve this through selecting words with a strong emotional connotation
Logos
Refers to the words of a presentation in terms of organizational structure and supporting information
Mythos
commonly held beliefs and cultural assumptions
General purposes
purpose of a presentation, either inform or persuade
Specific purpose
is to a oral presentation what thesis statement is to an essay
credibility
central to any effective rhetoric, is a good man speaking well
Types of supporting evidence
definitions, examples, statistics, and quotes
Audience analysis/centeredness
Knowing audience helps you frame and prepare you speech for success. Audience centered is performing in the moment and taking in the feedback of the audience while you are presenting
Context analysis
plays an important role in determining the purpose of a presentation. Take into account the physical setting, attitudinal questions (why are people here?)
Organizational patterns
classification (divide topic into categories/main points) chronological, spatial, cause-effect, problem-solution, pro-con, comparison-contrast
Connectives
transitions or internal summaries or previews and signposts that allow the audience to understand where you were and where your going
Elements of an introduction
gain attention, introduce the topic, develop credibility, relate the topic to an audience, preview main points. Must develop good attention getter
Elements of a conclusion
include stating your concluding, concisely summarizing, and ending with a strong impression
Language
needs to be more formal than everyday speaking. no cuss words, slang terms or colloquialisms (slang of region)
Conversational tone
all speeches should have conversational tone, unrehearsed speaking style and good eye contact
Manuscript
speaking from a manuscript is very difficult to have a conversational tone. Do not write out speech, just have main points/phrases
Visual aid functions
helps the audience by increasing understanding, enhancing retention, and facilitating listening
Visual types
powerpoint presentations, video clips, audio clips, graphs, charts, illustrations, photos, models, an demonstrations
Team presentations
many of the same rules as individual. Speakers need to work together to avoid overlap and have transitions and organization
Importance of work-life balance
- imbalance between work life/personal life can negatively affect how you communicate 2. fosters meaningful and successful relationships at home and work 3. necessary for professional excellence
Boundaries
line or division between work and life
Balance
the assumption that if professionals have a boundary between work and personal life
Family
all the people in a household, who share something relationally, mentally, physically, psychologically, economically, or spiritually with another
Work
an instrument of activity intended to provide goods and services to support life. Entails members in a market or employing organization that compensates the worker
Community
geographic space as a place to work toward a good life. Groups of interdependent people who discuss actions and share practices and have a concern for the common good
Sandwich generation
generation of people who care for againg parents as well as own children
Burnout
chronic exhaustion from persistent workload, decreased motivation, and apathy towards work
Organizational benefits
want workers happy so they will continue to produce and perform. Want employee retention and avoid employee attrition
Imbalance due to personalities
Type A (highly competitive, drive, focused on time/deadlines, aggressive, find it difficult to relax) Type B (laid-back, easy-going, can relax easy) both have work-life balance issues
Workplace mobbing
the nonsexual harrassment of a coworker by a gorup of other workers designed to secure the removal from the organization of the one who is targeted. Is bullying by a group
Workplace bullying
repeated acts and practices that are directed intentionally or unconsciously and that cause embarrassment, humiliation, and stress.
Emotional intelligence
the ability to monitor your own and others’ feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them, and use this info to guide your thinking and actions. Necessary to achieve work-life balance
Memo components
typically a short note or update distributed to a business. (Date: to: from: re:)
