Managerial Com. Final exam

Question 1

human communication

Answer 1

the process of understanding our experiences and the experiences of other through the use of verbal and nonverbal messages

Question 2

professional excellence

Answer 2

Not merely communicating a message effectively or simply demonstrating communication competencies, it means being recognized for your skills as a communicator and serving as a role model to others

Question 3

interpersonal communication

Answer 3

the co-creation of meaning through a dyadic interaction (2 or more people)

Question 4

Layers of communication

Answer 4

explicit (content layer) message is the topic that is being directly discussed. Relational message (layer) is the way that someone will receive the message, the tone of voice, the way that message was said

Question 5

3 types of work relationships

Answer 5

superior/subordinate, co-worker relationships, customer-client

Question 6

Semantic-information difference

Answer 6

a difference in perception that exists between employees and supervisors over fundamental things such as organizational issues or basic job duties

Question 7

Upward distortion

Answer 7

the alteration of messages sent from subordinates to supervisors

Question 8

Group

Answer 8

three or more individuals who are working toward a common goal or share a common purpose, as a result of their common goal, they have relationships, interaction, and influence with one another

Question 9

Team

Answer 9

a group in which members share leadership responsibility for creating a team identity, achieving mutually defined goals, and fostering innovative thinking. 4 differences are leadership responsibilities, team members share an identity (say “us” or “we”), team members work towards goals while defining them, strive for innovation

Question 10

Meetings

Answer 10

the central form of team communication. During meetings, leadership can be shared, goals and purposes can be defined, a team identity can be developed, and innovation can be fostered. Have to consider meeting environment, topics, and participants

Question 11

Team membership roles

Answer 11

task roles, relationship roles, self-centered roles. Task roles help the team carry out tasks and get work done. Relationship roles strengthen or maintain team relationships. Self-centered roles interfere with the team’s ability to complete tasks

Question 12

Decision making

Answer 12

the act of choosing among a set of alternatives under conditions that necessitate choice

Question 13

Problem solving

Answer 13

not only making a choice but coming up with quality alternatives from which to select and then working to implement the choice your team selects

Question 14

Reflective thinking process

Answer 14

1. Describing and analyzing the problem 2. Generating possible solutions 3. Evaluating all solutions 4. Deciding on the solution 5. Planning how to implement the solution

Question 15

Decision strategies

Answer 15

Decision by the leader is when members are not truly functioning as a team. Majority rule involves voting. Compromise a lose-lose approach, limits innovation. Consensus is when a solution or agreement that all team members can support is reached, best option but very time consuming

Question 16

Groupthink

Answer 16

a tendency of highly cohesive groups to suspend critical thinking and make faulty decisions, occurs when group members do not want to be a conflicting voice and go along with the group

Question 17

Meetingthink

Answer 17

has the same outcome as groupthink, but not same inputs. Result of false empowerment (group thinks it has power, leader makes decision regardless of them), overload, or poorly run meetings

Question 18

Approaches to conflict

Answer 18

flight is when you choose not to engage or deal with a conflict. Fight requires you to engage in some type of confrontation. Unite requires team members to move away from stating positions to exploring interest, team members are joint problem solvers rather than adversaries

Question 19

Leadership definition

Answer 19

a dynamic relationship based on mutual influence and common purpose between leaders and collaborators in which both are moved to higher levels of motivation and moral development as they affect real, intended change

Question 20

Trait leadership

Answer 20

a distinguishing characteristic or quality thats part of individual character. Can be physical traits, social background traits, social traits, personality traits, and task related traits

Question 21

Legitimate power

Answer 21

based on a position of authority, a manager has legitimate power over the department

Question 22

Coercive power

Answer 22

the ability to control another person’s behavior with negative reinforcement

Question 23

Reward power

Answer 23

control over another person’s behavior with positive reinforcement

Question 24

Expert power

Answer 24

based on one’s superior expertise in a specific field

Question 25

Referent power

Answer 25

power you give to someone else because you want them to like you

Question 26

Connection power

Answer 26

its know what you know but who you know

Question 27

Managers vs leaders

Answer 27

managers include duties like being in charge of a section of company, supervising subordinates. Leadership includes influencing and guiding followers as opposed to subordinates, as well as being innovative and creating a vision for future direction

Question 28

Behavioral leadership

Answer 28

Authoritative style is when the leader makes all decisions with little input from team. Laissez-faire style is when the team makes decisions with little input from leader. Democratic style is when the leader follows the will of the people or majority, voting.

Question 29

Theory X

Answer 29

mangers believe the average employee dislikes work; must be controlled, directed, and threatened to do job; they prefer to be told what to do, avoid responsibility, have little ambition, and value job security above all

Question 30

Theory Y

Answer 30

Managers believe the need and desire to work is natural; controlling, threatening is not the only means to get employees to do job; the average employee is motivated by achieving goals; the average employee seeks responsibility; employee strengths are usually not utilized

Question 31

Situational leadership

Answer 31

leaders should take into account task behavior, relationship behavior, and level of maturity/readiness of the followers in order to select the most effective communication style

Question 32

Blake and Mouton's managerial grid

Answer 32

includes 5 managerial styles: impoverished, country club, authoritative, middle of the road, and team. Incorporates 2 dimensions, concern for people and concern for task. manager falls inbetween different styles depending on their positions

Question 33

Fielder's contingency theory

Answer 33

there is no best way for managers to lead. Excellent managers asses the situation and then select the leadership style and accompanying communication style that best fits the situation. Need to look at the leader-follower relationship, the task structure, and the position power

Question 34

transformational leadership

Answer 34

leaders who articulate a goal or vision to an organization and then inspire followers to make that vision a reality, requiring them to transcend their own personal interest for the good of the organization

Question 35

Rules for communicating about your team

Answer 35

when there are problems, the buck stops with you. When there are successes, you never take the credit

Question 36

Leader as parent

Answer 36

can be understanding, focus on developing others, role models. See people as a family

Question 37

Organizational family

Answer 37

bully; sniper (pop in with nasty comments); drama queen; slacker; vampire (seems to be laughter, everyone else does her work); grump; roadblock to change; distracter; patient (brings problems to office); team player; star

Question 38

Offering feedback

Answer 38

feedback is made up of setting expectations, providing feedback regularly; praising team members (publicly and privately); holding team members accountable (shortcomings in private); motivating through feedback; enacting consequences

Question 39

Face-saving behavior

Answer 39

both verbal and non-verbal communication that honors and maintains the other person's sense of self-respect in a given situation. Talk about employees shortcomings in a private setting

Question 40

Goal setting theory

Answer 40

one of the most effect ways to improve employee motivation. The leader and team member develop goals together

Question 41

Impression management

Answer 41

ensures your public image. Done by directing the formation of an impression or perception others have of you

Question 42

Communication networks

Answer 42

a group of individuals who regularly share a line of communication, both formal or informal

Question 43

Ethos

Answer 43

the credibility as a presenter and information presented. Established by demonstrating competence, trustworthiness, and goodwill

Question 44

Pathos

Answer 44

refers to emotional appeal. Can achieve this through selecting words with a strong emotional connotation

Question 45

Logos

Answer 45

Refers to the words of a presentation in terms of organizational structure and supporting information

Question 46

Mythos

Answer 46

commonly held beliefs and cultural assumptions

Question 47

General purposes

Answer 47

purpose of a presentation, either inform or persuade

Question 48

Specific purpose

Answer 48

is to a oral presentation what thesis statement is to an essay

Question 49

credibility

Answer 49

central to any effective rhetoric, is a good man speaking well

Question 50

Types of supporting evidence

Answer 50

definitions, examples, statistics, and quotes

Question 51

Audience analysis/centeredness

Answer 51

Knowing audience helps you frame and prepare you speech for success. Audience centered is performing in the moment and taking in the feedback of the audience while you are presenting

Question 52

Context analysis

Answer 52

plays an important role in determining the purpose of a presentation. Take into account the physical setting, attitudinal questions (why are people here?)

Question 53

Organizational patterns

Answer 53

classification (divide topic into categories/main points) chronological, spatial, cause-effect, problem-solution, pro-con, comparison-contrast

Question 54

Connectives

Answer 54

transitions or internal summaries or previews and signposts that allow the audience to understand where you were and where your going

Question 55

Elements of an introduction

Answer 55

gain attention, introduce the topic, develop credibility, relate the topic to an audience, preview main points. Must develop good attention getter

Question 56

Elements of a conclusion

Answer 56

include stating your concluding, concisely summarizing, and ending with a strong impression

Question 57

Language

Answer 57

needs to be more formal than everyday speaking. no cuss words, slang terms or colloquialisms (slang of region)

Question 58

Conversational tone

Answer 58

all speeches should have conversational tone, unrehearsed speaking style and good eye contact

Question 59

Manuscript

Answer 59

speaking from a manuscript is very difficult to have a conversational tone. Do not write out speech, just have main points/phrases

Question 60

Visual aid functions

Answer 60

helps the audience by increasing understanding, enhancing retention, and facilitating listening

Question 61

Visual types

Answer 61

powerpoint presentations, video clips, audio clips, graphs, charts, illustrations, photos, models, an demonstrations

Question 62

Team presentations

Answer 62

many of the same rules as individual. Speakers need to work together to avoid overlap and have transitions and organization

Question 63

Importance of work-life balance

Answer 63

1. imbalance between work life/personal life can negatively affect how you communicate 2. fosters meaningful and successful relationships at home and work 3. necessary for professional excellence

Question 64

Boundaries

Answer 64

line or division between work and life

Question 65

Balance

Answer 65

the assumption that if professionals have a boundary between work and personal life

Question 66

Family

Answer 66

all the people in a household, who share something relationally, mentally, physically, psychologically, economically, or spiritually with another

Question 67

Work

Answer 67

an instrument of activity intended to provide goods and services to support life. Entails members in a market or employing organization that compensates the worker

Question 68

Community

Answer 68

geographic space as a place to work toward a good life. Groups of interdependent people who discuss actions and share practices and have a concern for the common good

Question 69

Sandwich generation

Answer 69

generation of people who care for againg parents as well as own children

Question 70

Burnout

Answer 70

chronic exhaustion from persistent workload, decreased motivation, and apathy towards work

Question 71

Organizational benefits

Answer 71

want workers happy so they will continue to produce and perform. Want employee retention and avoid employee attrition

Question 72

Imbalance due to personalities

Answer 72

Type A (highly competitive, drive, focused on time/deadlines, aggressive, find it difficult to relax) Type B (laid-back, easy-going, can relax easy) both have work-life balance issues

Question 73

Workplace mobbing

Answer 73

the nonsexual harrassment of a coworker by a gorup of other workers designed to secure the removal from the organization of the one who is targeted. Is bullying by a group

Question 74

Workplace bullying

Answer 74

repeated acts and practices that are directed intentionally or unconsciously and that cause embarrassment, humiliation, and stress.

Question 75

Emotional intelligence

Answer 75

the ability to monitor your own and others' feelings and emotions, to discriminate among them, and use this info to guide your thinking and actions. Necessary to achieve work-life balance

Question 76

Memo components

Answer 76

typically a short note or update distributed to a business. (Date: to: from: re:)