Management of Selected Non-pain II Flashcards
When pain persists without meaning, it becomes what?
Suffering
When an individual feels voiceless, what happens?
Suffering
What are the four aspects of total pain?
Physical pain
Mental anguish
Spiritual suffering
Emotional distress
When should you suspect suffering?
When physical pain > lesion
Which factor of total pain particularly exacerbates physical pain?
Spiritual pain
When do deep wounds from childhood present themselves?
End of life
What are the four predictors of suffering?
- Regret for past events
- Current marital probs
- Little social support
- Pessimistic attitude toward life
What is the difference between pain and suffering?
Split between self and now malfunctioning body
When does suffering occur, according to Cassell?
When there is a threat to the integrity of the person
True or false: suffering is intensely personal
True
Suffering is about the loss of what?
Control
Relationship b/t body
Does suffering need to be fixed?
No–we usually cannot
Loss of control creates a sense of what?
insecurity
Can suffering be greater in the caregiver?
Yes
What is the three aspects of suffering in terms of loss or relationships?
To others
To previous body
Diminishment of the person
Does a body suffer?
No, only the person
True or false: human suffering requires the felt loss of meaning and purpose
True
Is meaning central to the human experience?
Yes
When a pt raises a question, what should you do?
Listen, rather than give an answer. Most of the time, they just want to talk
True or false: you can’t solve suffering
True
What are the four common goals of care in serious illness?
- Control pain
- Alleviate psychosocial probs
- Communicate well
- Empathy
- Foster hope
When should you suspect psychological and spiritual pain?
At end of life
How do you start the psychosocial assessment?
Express an interest and ask a question
What should you listen for when listening to a pt during a psychosocial assessment?
Broader meanings
Why is it important to communicate effectively? (3)
- Increases their sense of control/worth
- Reduces symptoms
- Creates a bond
True or false: hope is an essential to quality of life
True
What are the hope strategies?
- control pain
- develop relationships
- humor
- reminisce
What does it mean to be present?
Allow oneself to be exposed to suffering
Can presence cure suffering?
nope
What is spirituality?
An awareness that there are levels of reality not immediately apparent, and that there is a quest for personal integration
Spiritual activity is largely relational with what? (3)
Self
Others
The Other
What is the most important part of assesses spirituality?
Humanity
What are the three aspects of assessing spirituality?
- Listen
- Enable conversation
- Don’t let personal beliefs get in the way
What is the FICA model of spirtual assessment?
Faith
Importance
Community
Address/action in care
What is the HOPE model of spirtual assessment?
- Hope = what are sources of hope
- Organized religion
- Personal spirituality/practices
- Effects on medical care
What are the three parts to the conversational approach to assessing spirituality?
- Determine sense of crises
- Determining spiritual connections
- Identify care gates
What determines an individual’s sense of crises?
Disruption Discomfort Disfigurement Disability Death
What are the three outcomes of the spiritual connection assessment?
Connected
Unconnected
Disconnected
What is the awareness of the holy gate?
Having something that is sacred
What is the sense of providence gate?
Something beyond self
What is a sense of faith gate?
Is there there a sense of openness toward life
What is the sense of grace gate?
Being grateful
Be a blessing to others
What is the “sense of repentance” gate?
Seek to change
What is the “sense of communion” gate?
Feeling of connection to others or an Other
What is the “sense of vocation” gate?
Purpose in life
What is the value of the gates of care?
Identify strengths
Weaknesses
Touchstone for spiritual care
Why are referrals important to end of life?
Keeps caregiver’s role clear
What are the three responses to suffering of health care professionals?
Self assessment
Self reflection
Self care
