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Geriatrics > Foot > Flashcards

Foot Flashcards

1
Q

What is xerosis?

A

Dry skin

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2
Q

What is onychocryptosis?

A

Ingrown toenail

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3
Q

What is hyperkeratosis?

A

Corns/calluses

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4
Q

What are the characteristics of xerosis?

A

Dry, flaky skin

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5
Q

What is the protein that you lose as you age in the skin/

A

Epidermal filaggrin

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6
Q

What glads are lost that decrease sweating?

A

Eccrine glands

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7
Q

Which type of substances are well absorbed: hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

A

Hydrophobic

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8
Q

What part of the skin has a delayed recovery time?

A

Stratum corneum

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9
Q

What type of dysfunction is seen in DM pts that affects the skin?

A

Autonomic dysfunction

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10
Q

Tinea pedis is more common in what season? Why?

A

Winter due to low humidity

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11
Q

What is the stain to use to determine if fungi are present on a slide?

A

kOH

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12
Q

What are the three major foot problems in the elderly?

A

Tiea
Eczema
Psoriasis

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13
Q

What are the five treatments for xerosis?

A 
Lanolin
Water
Urea
AmLactin (lactic acid)
Oatmeal
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14
Q

What drug should you use if there is fissuring/cracking of the skin?

A

1% hydrocortisone cream

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15
Q

What should you do if pts have really bad cracking of the skin?

A

Occlude with saran warp or socks

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16
Q

When should topical agents be applied to the skin?

A

After shower

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17
Q

What are the socks that you can buy to hydrate skin?

A

Silipos

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18
Q

What is the drug that you should use to kill tinea of the foot?

A

OTC Lamisil

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19
Q

What is the general rule to remember for skin?

A

If its wet, dry it out.

If dry, wet it

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20
Q

What is the enzyme that fungi produces that causes brittle toenails? What does it do?

A

Keratinase–destroys keratin

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21
Q

What are the causes of yellow nails? (TOECLYPT)

A 
Trauma
Onychomycosis
Eczema
Circulatory problems
Lichen planus
Yellow nail syndrome
Psoriasis
Tumor
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22
Q

How do you diagnose onychomycosis?

A

Lab

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23
Q

What is the usual cause of onychocryptosis?

A

Heredity ad improper nail trimming

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24
Q

When should nails be cut straight across?

A

Straight across only if the nails are normal

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25
Q

If there is a chronic problem with ingrown toenails, what should you do?

A

Remove some of the distal corner

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26
Q

Is the central V cut helpful?

A

No

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27
Q

True or false; some pts do better with in-grown nails if left longer than normal

A

True

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28
Q

What is the infection most common cause of paronychia? How you diagnose this?

A

Staph Aureus–just assume its this.

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29
Q

What is the treatment for paronychia? (3)

A

10 min warm water
Betadine solution
Cephalexin

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30
Q

What is the surgical treatment for paronychia?

A

Lance it
Bid soaks
Cephalexi

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31
Q

What is hyperkeratosis?

A

Thickened skin that is the result of intermittent pressure over the bones

32
Q

When is hyperkeratosis bad?

A

If painful—means there is an ulcer beneath the callus

33
Q

What happens if there is intermittent pressure over skin?

A

callus

34
Q

What happens if there is constant pressure over skin?

A

Ulceration

35
Q

What is the major complication of corns on the distal toes?

A

Osteomyelitis

36
Q

What is the only layer o the skin that can be built up?

A

Stratum corneum

37
Q

What causes the pain associated with hyperkeratosis?

A

Pressing against the sensory receptors in the underlying dermis

38
Q

What is the treatment hyperkeratosis?

A

Debridement
Padding
Shoe modifcation

39
Q

What is the shoe that can be used for hyperkeratosis?

A

Queen mary shoes

40
Q

What are the two common digital bone deformities seen in the elderly?

A

Hallux valgus

Hammertoe

41
Q

What is a bunion? What causes this?

A

normal first metatarsal that has moved medially due to a tendon imbalance

42
Q

What is the treatment for bunion?

A

Extra depth shoes
Bunion shield
Toe separator
Surgery

43
Q

What is a hammertoe?

A

PIP dorsiflexes

DIP plantar flexes

44
Q

What causes a hammertoe?

A

Tendon imbalance

45
Q

What is the treatment for hammertoes?

A

Debridement
Paddings
Splints
Shoes

46
Q

What causes pes planus?

A

Progressive ligamentous laxity

47
Q

What is the other name for flat foot/pes planus?

A

Pronation

48
Q

What are the complications of pes planus?

A

Leg/back pain
MPJ pain
DJD
Tendonitis

49
Q

Inflammation of the plantar fascia of the foot is called what?

A

Plantar fasciitis

50
Q

Pain in the bottom of the heel + pain getting out of bed = ? Treatment?

A

Plantar fasciitis

Get ***

51
Q

Do the bone spurs that occur with plantar fasciitis cause the pain?

A

No

52
Q

What is the treatment for pes planus?

A

Arch support

53
Q

What is the joint that you need to get pressure under to fix pes planus?

A

Talonavicular joint

54
Q

What is the complication of vascular deterioration in aging?

A

Atherosclerosis, causing chronic venous insufficiency

55
Q

What part of the body will show signs of vascular disease?

A

Foot for arteriole

Ankle for venous

56
Q

What is the effect of DM on vessels?

A

Accelerates the aging of the arteries

57
Q

What is the waist sizes for men and women with DM? What is the predictive value for this?

A

> 40 inches for men
35 inches for women

80% predictive value

58
Q

What is the solution for a bad calcaneal ulcer?

A

BKAs

59
Q

What is the treatment for atherosclerosis of the feet for DMs?

A

Deep shoes

Tight regulation of blood sugars

60
Q

What is the level of HbA1C level that DMs should be below?

A
61
Q

True or false: Medicare will pay for therapeutic DM shoes if you write a letter

A

True

62
Q

What causes chronic venous insufficiency? Effects?

A

Damage to vein valves, causing congestion of blood and hypoxia

63
Q

Venous ulcers will appear with what color?

A

Red

64
Q

Arterial ulcers will appear with what color?

A

White, black, gray

65
Q

venous insufficiency will eventually cause what?

A

Ulcerations

66
Q

Chronic venous insufficiency can lead to what complication in the leg?

A

DVTs and PEs

67
Q

What is the treatment for venous disease?

A

Compression hose

68
Q

Numbness, tingling, burning in the foot can suggest what neurological diseases? (4)

A

DM
B12 deficiencies
Thyroid disease
EtOH-ism

69
Q

What is the range of the compression hoes that most pts can tolerate?

A

20-30 mmHg

70
Q

what percent of peripheral neuropathy pts do not have an identifiable etiology?

A

40%

71
Q

What percent of DM neuropathy is caused by something OTHER than hyperglycemia?

A

10%

72
Q

Inability to perceive pain or pressure in the foot will cause what?

A

ulceration

73
Q

What number of areas out of the 10 tested by the monofilament suggests anesthetics peripheral neuropathy?

A
74
Q

What is the treatment for DM peripheral neuropathy?

A

Control blood sugars

Lyrica

75
Q

True or false: there is NO cure for a loss of sensation in distal extremities of DM

A

True

Geriatrics (30 decks)

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