Foot

Question 1

What is xerosis?

Answer 1

Dry skin

Question 2

What is onychocryptosis?

Answer 2

Ingrown toenail

Question 3

What is hyperkeratosis?

Answer 3

Corns/calluses

Question 4

What are the characteristics of xerosis?

Answer 4

Dry, flaky skin

Question 5

What is the protein that you lose as you age in the skin/

Answer 5

Epidermal filaggrin

Question 6

What glads are lost that decrease sweating?

Answer 6

Eccrine glands

Question 7

Which type of substances are well absorbed: hydrophobic or hydrophilic?

Answer 7

Hydrophobic

Question 8

What part of the skin has a delayed recovery time?

Answer 8

Stratum corneum

Question 9

What type of dysfunction is seen in DM pts that affects the skin?

Answer 9

Autonomic dysfunction

Question 10

Tinea pedis is more common in what season? Why?

Answer 10

Winter due to low humidity

Question 11

What is the stain to use to determine if fungi are present on a slide?

Answer 11

kOH

Question 12

What are the three major foot problems in the elderly?

Answer 12

Tiea
Eczema
Psoriasis

Question 13

What are the five treatments for xerosis?

Answer 13

Lanolin
Water
Urea
AmLactin (lactic acid)
Oatmeal

Question 14

What drug should you use if there is fissuring/cracking of the skin?

Answer 14

1% hydrocortisone cream

Question 15

What should you do if pts have really bad cracking of the skin?

Answer 15

Occlude with saran warp or socks

Question 16

When should topical agents be applied to the skin?

Answer 16

After shower

Question 17

What are the socks that you can buy to hydrate skin?

Answer 17

Silipos

Question 18

What is the drug that you should use to kill tinea of the foot?

Answer 18

OTC Lamisil

Question 19

What is the general rule to remember for skin?

Answer 19

If its wet, dry it out.

If dry, wet it

Question 20

What is the enzyme that fungi produces that causes brittle toenails? What does it do?

Answer 20

Keratinase–destroys keratin

Question 21

What are the causes of yellow nails? (TOECLYPT)

Answer 21

Trauma
Onychomycosis
Eczema
Circulatory problems
Lichen planus
Yellow nail syndrome
Psoriasis
Tumor

Question 22

How do you diagnose onychomycosis?

Answer 22

Lab

Question 23

What is the usual cause of onychocryptosis?

Answer 23

Heredity ad improper nail trimming

Question 24

When should nails be cut straight across?

Answer 24

Straight across only if the nails are normal

Question 25

If there is a chronic problem with ingrown toenails, what should you do?

Answer 25

Remove some of the distal corner

Question 26

Is the central V cut helpful?

Answer 26

No

Question 27

True or false; some pts do better with in-grown nails if left longer than normal

Answer 27

True

Question 28

What is the infection most common cause of paronychia? How you diagnose this?

Answer 28

Staph Aureus--just assume its this.

Question 29

What is the treatment for paronychia? (3)

Answer 29

10 min warm water Betadine solution Cephalexin

Question 30

What is the surgical treatment for paronychia?

Answer 30

Lance it Bid soaks Cephalexi

Question 31

What is hyperkeratosis?

Answer 31

Thickened skin that is the result of intermittent pressure over the bones

Question 32

When is hyperkeratosis bad?

Answer 32

If painful---means there is an ulcer beneath the callus

Question 33

What happens if there is intermittent pressure over skin?

Answer 33

callus

Question 34

What happens if there is constant pressure over skin?

Answer 34

Ulceration

Question 35

What is the major complication of corns on the distal toes?

Answer 35

Osteomyelitis

Question 36

What is the only layer o the skin that can be built up?

Answer 36

Stratum corneum

Question 37

What causes the pain associated with hyperkeratosis?

Answer 37

Pressing against the sensory receptors in the underlying dermis

Question 38

What is the treatment hyperkeratosis?

Answer 38

Debridement Padding Shoe modifcation

Question 39

What is the shoe that can be used for hyperkeratosis?

Answer 39

Queen mary shoes

Question 40

What are the two common digital bone deformities seen in the elderly?

Answer 40

Hallux valgus | Hammertoe

Question 41

What is a bunion? What causes this?

Answer 41

normal first metatarsal that has moved medially due to a tendon imbalance

Question 42

What is the treatment for bunion?

Answer 42

Extra depth shoes Bunion shield Toe separator Surgery

Question 43

What is a hammertoe?

Answer 43

PIP dorsiflexes | DIP plantar flexes

Question 44

What causes a hammertoe?

Answer 44

Tendon imbalance

Question 45

What is the treatment for hammertoes?

Answer 45

Debridement Paddings Splints Shoes

Question 46

What causes pes planus?

Answer 46

Progressive ligamentous laxity

Question 47

What is the other name for flat foot/pes planus?

Answer 47

Pronation

Question 48

What are the complications of pes planus?

Answer 48

Leg/back pain MPJ pain DJD Tendonitis

Question 49

Inflammation of the plantar fascia of the foot is called what?

Answer 49

Plantar fasciitis

Question 50

Pain in the bottom of the heel + pain getting out of bed = ? Treatment?

Answer 50

Plantar fasciitis | Get ***

Question 51

Do the bone spurs that occur with plantar fasciitis cause the pain?

Answer 51

No

Question 52

What is the treatment for pes planus?

Answer 52

Arch support

Question 53

What is the joint that you need to get pressure under to fix pes planus?

Answer 53

Talonavicular joint

Question 54

What is the complication of vascular deterioration in aging?

Answer 54

Atherosclerosis, causing chronic venous insufficiency

Question 55

What part of the body will show signs of vascular disease?

Answer 55

Foot for arteriole | Ankle for venous

Question 56

What is the effect of DM on vessels?

Answer 56

Accelerates the aging of the arteries

Question 57

What is the waist sizes for men and women with DM? What is the predictive value for this?

Answer 57

>40 inches for men >35 inches for women 80% predictive value

Question 58

What is the solution for a bad calcaneal ulcer?

Answer 58

BKAs

Question 59

What is the treatment for atherosclerosis of the feet for DMs?

Answer 59

Deep shoes | Tight regulation of blood sugars

Question 60

What is the level of HbA1C level that DMs should be below?

Question 61

True or false: Medicare will pay for therapeutic DM shoes if you write a letter

Answer 61

True

Question 62

What causes chronic venous insufficiency? Effects?

Answer 62

Damage to vein valves, causing congestion of blood and hypoxia

Question 63

Venous ulcers will appear with what color?

Answer 63

Red

Question 64

Arterial ulcers will appear with what color?

Answer 64

White, black, gray

Question 65

venous insufficiency will eventually cause what?

Answer 65

Ulcerations

Question 66

Chronic venous insufficiency can lead to what complication in the leg?

Answer 66

DVTs and PEs

Question 67

What is the treatment for venous disease?

Answer 67

Compression hose

Question 68

Numbness, tingling, burning in the foot can suggest what neurological diseases? (4)

Answer 68

DM B12 deficiencies Thyroid disease EtOH-ism

Question 69

What is the range of the compression hoes that most pts can tolerate?

Answer 69

20-30 mmHg

Question 70

what percent of peripheral neuropathy pts do not have an identifiable etiology?

Answer 70

40%

Question 71

What percent of DM neuropathy is caused by something OTHER than hyperglycemia?

Answer 71

10%

Question 72

Inability to perceive pain or pressure in the foot will cause what?

Answer 72

ulceration

Question 73

What number of areas out of the 10 tested by the monofilament suggests anesthetics peripheral neuropathy?

Question 74

What is the treatment for DM peripheral neuropathy?

Answer 74

Control blood sugars | Lyrica

Question 75

True or false: there is NO cure for a loss of sensation in distal extremities of DM

Answer 75

True