management of schizophrenia Flashcards
what is a token economy
reward systems used to manage the behaviour of people with schizophrenia
in particular those who have developed patterns of maladaptive behaviour through spending long periods of time in psychiatric hospitals.
what did Ayllon and Azrin (1968) do
trialed a token economy in a psychiatric ward of women with schizophrenia.
gift token were given for good behavioru and swapped for privileges
example of good behaviour
making bed and cleaning up
what did ayllon and azrin find
found the number of tasks carried out increased significantly
when dose institutionalisation occur
in long term hospital treatments as people often develop bad habits
what did mason et al identify
three catagoeis of institutional behaviour that can be tackled using a token economy.
what categories did mason et al identify.
personal care, condition-related behaviours (e.g. apathy) and social behaviour.
what are the two main benefits from modifying these bhaviours
quality of life: putting on makeup or becoming more social with other residents
normalises behaviour: getting dressed or making your bed.
what is involved in token economy
Tokens are given immediately after a desirable behaviour
Target behaviours decided individually based on knowledge of the person (Cooper et al., 2007).
Tokens have no value themselves but are swapped for rewards: sweets, magazines, film or walking outside.
Tokens given immediately following target behaviours
delayed rewards are less effective.
what are token ecomomics a example of
behaviour modification based on operant conditioning.