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first aid > management of injuries > Flashcards

management of injuries Flashcards

1
Q

signs and symptoms

what are the signs and symptoms of cuts and lacerations?

A

signs:
- bleeding excessively
- skin discolouration
- swelling/bruising
- mild to severe pain

symptoms:
- shock (rapid breathing, weak pulse, clamming and cold skin)
- pain and light headedness

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2
Q

signs and symptoms

what are the signs and symptoms of fractures?

A

sign:
- bruising/swelling
- deformity around the bone area
- altered normal limb alignment

symptoms:
- pain
- restricted movement
- numbness and tingling
- tenderness

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3
Q

signs and symptoms

what are the signs and symptoms of dislocations?

A

signs:
- joint is visibly deformed or out of place
- swollen/discolouration

symptoms:
- numbness or tingling at the joint
- intense pain

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4
Q

signs and symptoms

what are the signs and symptoms of head injuries and concussions?

A

signs:
- sensitivity to light and noise
- lightheadedness and dizziness
- confusion
- problems with balance
- shows mood, behaviour and personality changes
- difficulty concentrating
- fatigue
- loss of memory

symptoms:
- headache
- nausea/vomitting
- feeling sluggish
- ringing in the ear
- blurry vision
- altered memory and sense of taste and smell

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5
Q

signs and symptoms

what are the signs and symptoms of eye injuries?

A

signs:
- swelling around th eye
- redness
- bruising
- bleeding
- problems with eye movement
- change in appearance of the eye
- visible foreign particles in the eye

symptoms:
- abnormal vision (blurry, double vision)
- pain in the eye area
- worsening pain during eye movements

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6
Q

signs and symptoms

what are the signs and symptoms of nasal injuries?

A

signs:
- nasal swelling or pain
- bleeding from the nose
- difficulty breathing from the nose
- altered shape of the nose
- bruising around the nose

symptoms:
- nose can look crooked
- swelling/tenderness

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7
Q

signs and symptoms

what are the signs and symptoms of burn injuries

A

signs:
- red/peeling skin
- blisters
- swelling
- white/charred skin
- deformity
- bruising

symptoms:
- pain
- burning sensation
- stinging

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8
Q

signs and symptoms

what are the signs and symptoms of teeth injuries?

A

signs:
- bleeding from the mouth
- swelling in lip/jaw
- inablity to close or open mouth
- missing teeth

symptoms:
- constant throbbing pain around the mouth area
- pain when eating or drinking
- loose or broken jaw

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9
Q

signs and symptoms

what are the signs and symptoms of electrocution?

A

signs:
- difficulty breathing or no breathing
- a weak or irregular pulse
- burns to the skin
- cardiac arrest

symptoms:
- muscle spasms
- difficulties breathing
- painful burn sites to the skin
- pain in the chest
- numbness/tingling
- paralysis
- confusion

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10
Q

signs and symptoms

what are the signs and symptoms of chest injuries?

A

signs:
- deformity to the chest
- bleeding
- bruising

symptoms:
- pain in the chest region

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11
Q

signs and symptoms

what are the signs and symptoms of abdominal injuries?

A

signs:
- deformity to the abdomen
- bleeding internally or externally
- bruising/swelling/hardness
- cold, clammy skin
- vomitting

symptoms:
- pain in the abdominal area
- nausea
- fainting

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12
Q

primary management

primary management of cuts and lacerations

A
  • primary survey
  • pressure, elevation, rest
  • call emergency services
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13
Q

primary management

primary management of fractures

A
  • secondary survey
  • immoblise the injured area
  • splint if needed
  • seek medical assistance
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14
Q

primary management

primary management of dislocations

A
  • don’t move the joint
  • put ice
  • seek medical assistance
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15
Q

primary management

primary management of head injuries and concussions

A
  • DRSABCD
  • ensure the casualty is getting oxygen and blood supply throughout their body
  • prevent further injury to head and neck
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16
Q

primary management

primary management of eyes injuries

A
  • DRSABCD
    for burns:
  • open eyelids gently and wash eyes under cold running water for 20 mins
  • place eye pad or a clean dressing over the injured eye
  • seek medical assistance

for wounds:
- lie casualty on their back
- place a light dressing over the injured eye
- seek medical assistance

for small object:
- if the object is visible, ask the casualty to look up and with a moist cloth, try to remove it
- if it doesn’t work, seek medical assistance

for penetrating objects:
- place thick dressing above and below the injured eye
- never try removing the object
- seek immediate medical assistance

for embedded objects:
- cover the injured eye
- seek medical assistance

for smoke:
- wash eyes with sterile saline or cold tap water
- seek medical aid if necessary

17
Q

primary management

primary management of nasal injury

A
  • DRSABCD
  • treatment depends on the type of injury:
  • minor, fracture, nosebleed, deep laceration, infection prevention
18
Q

primary management

primary management of burns

A
  • run under cold, running water for at least 20mins
  • cover with a sterile bandage
  • protect the burn from pressure and friction
    three types of burns includes
    1. superficial (1st)
    2. partial thickness (2nd)
    3. full thickness (3rd)
19
Q

primary management

primary management of teeth injuries

A
  • if bleeding, apply pressure to the area with a cold piece of wet gauze
  • watch for swelling
20
Q

primary management

primary management of electrocution

A
  • CPR is casualty is unresponsive and not breathing
  • run burn sites under cool water for at least 20 mins
  • cover any burn sites with gauze and bandages
  • maintain the casualty’s body warmth
21
Q

primary management

primary management of chest injury

A
  • DRSABCD
  • if there is an object in the chest, don’t try to remove it
  • cover wound with sterile dressing
  • monitor and seek immediate medical attention
22
Q

primary management

primary management of abdominal injuries

A
  • DRSABCD
  • if bleeding, apply pressure
  • internal bleeding: roll onto affected side
  • external bleeding: apply pressure and cover using a sterile gauze
  • monitor and seek immediate medical attention

first aid (3 decks)

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