management of injuries Flashcards
signs and symptoms
what are the signs and symptoms of cuts and lacerations?
signs:
- bleeding excessively
- skin discolouration
- swelling/bruising
- mild to severe pain
symptoms:
- shock (rapid breathing, weak pulse, clamming and cold skin)
- pain and light headedness
signs and symptoms
what are the signs and symptoms of fractures?
sign:
- bruising/swelling
- deformity around the bone area
- altered normal limb alignment
symptoms:
- pain
- restricted movement
- numbness and tingling
- tenderness
signs and symptoms
what are the signs and symptoms of dislocations?
signs:
- joint is visibly deformed or out of place
- swollen/discolouration
symptoms:
- numbness or tingling at the joint
- intense pain
signs and symptoms
what are the signs and symptoms of head injuries and concussions?
signs:
- sensitivity to light and noise
- lightheadedness and dizziness
- confusion
- problems with balance
- shows mood, behaviour and personality changes
- difficulty concentrating
- fatigue
- loss of memory
symptoms:
- headache
- nausea/vomitting
- feeling sluggish
- ringing in the ear
- blurry vision
- altered memory and sense of taste and smell
signs and symptoms
what are the signs and symptoms of eye injuries?
signs:
- swelling around th eye
- redness
- bruising
- bleeding
- problems with eye movement
- change in appearance of the eye
- visible foreign particles in the eye
symptoms:
- abnormal vision (blurry, double vision)
- pain in the eye area
- worsening pain during eye movements
signs and symptoms
what are the signs and symptoms of nasal injuries?
signs:
- nasal swelling or pain
- bleeding from the nose
- difficulty breathing from the nose
- altered shape of the nose
- bruising around the nose
symptoms:
- nose can look crooked
- swelling/tenderness
signs and symptoms
what are the signs and symptoms of burn injuries
signs:
- red/peeling skin
- blisters
- swelling
- white/charred skin
- deformity
- bruising
symptoms:
- pain
- burning sensation
- stinging
signs and symptoms
what are the signs and symptoms of teeth injuries?
signs:
- bleeding from the mouth
- swelling in lip/jaw
- inablity to close or open mouth
- missing teeth
symptoms:
- constant throbbing pain around the mouth area
- pain when eating or drinking
- loose or broken jaw
signs and symptoms
what are the signs and symptoms of electrocution?
signs:
- difficulty breathing or no breathing
- a weak or irregular pulse
- burns to the skin
- cardiac arrest
symptoms:
- muscle spasms
- difficulties breathing
- painful burn sites to the skin
- pain in the chest
- numbness/tingling
- paralysis
- confusion
signs and symptoms
what are the signs and symptoms of chest injuries?
signs:
- deformity to the chest
- bleeding
- bruising
symptoms:
- pain in the chest region
signs and symptoms
what are the signs and symptoms of abdominal injuries?
signs:
- deformity to the abdomen
- bleeding internally or externally
- bruising/swelling/hardness
- cold, clammy skin
- vomitting
symptoms:
- pain in the abdominal area
- nausea
- fainting
primary management
primary management of cuts and lacerations
- primary survey
- pressure, elevation, rest
- call emergency services
primary management
primary management of fractures
- secondary survey
- immoblise the injured area
- splint if needed
- seek medical assistance
primary management
primary management of dislocations
- don’t move the joint
- put ice
- seek medical assistance
primary management
primary management of head injuries and concussions
- DRSABCD
- ensure the casualty is getting oxygen and blood supply throughout their body
- prevent further injury to head and neck
primary management
primary management of eyes injuries
- DRSABCD
for burns: - open eyelids gently and wash eyes under cold running water for 20 mins
- place eye pad or a clean dressing over the injured eye
- seek medical assistance
for wounds:
- lie casualty on their back
- place a light dressing over the injured eye
- seek medical assistance
for small object:
- if the object is visible, ask the casualty to look up and with a moist cloth, try to remove it
- if it doesn’t work, seek medical assistance
for penetrating objects:
- place thick dressing above and below the injured eye
- never try removing the object
- seek immediate medical assistance
for embedded objects:
- cover the injured eye
- seek medical assistance
for smoke:
- wash eyes with sterile saline or cold tap water
- seek medical aid if necessary
primary management
primary management of nasal injury
- DRSABCD
- treatment depends on the type of injury:
- minor, fracture, nosebleed, deep laceration, infection prevention
primary management
primary management of burns
- run under cold, running water for at least 20mins
- cover with a sterile bandage
- protect the burn from pressure and friction
three types of burns includes
1. superficial (1st)
2. partial thickness (2nd)
3. full thickness (3rd)
primary management
primary management of teeth injuries
- if bleeding, apply pressure to the area with a cold piece of wet gauze
- watch for swelling
primary management
primary management of electrocution
- CPR is casualty is unresponsive and not breathing
- run burn sites under cool water for at least 20 mins
- cover any burn sites with gauze and bandages
- maintain the casualty’s body warmth
primary management
primary management of chest injury
- DRSABCD
- if there is an object in the chest, don’t try to remove it
- cover wound with sterile dressing
- monitor and seek immediate medical attention
primary management
primary management of abdominal injuries
- DRSABCD
- if bleeding, apply pressure
- internal bleeding: roll onto affected side
- external bleeding: apply pressure and cover using a sterile gauze
- monitor and seek immediate medical attention
