Management of injuries Flashcards
Name and describe the three types of fractures
Open-when there is a break that pierces the skin
Closed- When the break doesn’t pierce the skin
Complicated- when the bone causes further damage to nerves, blood vessels or major organs
How do you treat the three types of fractures
DRSABCD, control bleeding, immobilise with a sling or splints, observe for shock and treat it if necessary, seek medical attention.
Difference between a laceration and a graze?
A laceration is a deep cut from a sharp object while a graze is the scraping or wearing away of skin.
How to treat grazes and lacerations?
Graze-clean wound and cover with a non-adhesive
Laceration- PER and seek for medical attention and stitches may be needed.
When and how to treat a dislocation?
When you see swelling, discolouration, pain deformity, tenderness, inability to move.
DRSABCD, support, apply ice, elevate if possible, seek medical attention.
When and how to treat an eye injury?
When there is irritation to the eye, watering, redness, pain to the eye itself, inability to open
To treat this, the rubbing and removal of embedded objects must be avoided, lay in the lateral position, cover both eyes, seek medical attention
When and how to treat a nasal injury?
When there is pain, swelling, deformity and or bruising.
Instruct casualty to breathe through the mouth, have them sit down and pinch the soft part of their nose and apply pressure for ten minutes or until bleeding stops
When and how to treat burns?
These can be caused by fire, chemicals, electricity and radiation, severe pain, possible swelling, redness, blistering, shock
Move the casualty from the danger (for example, fire, smoke, electrical wires with a stick or nonconducting implement) DRSABCD, hold burnt areas under cold running water, remove jewellery and clothing only if it is not stuck to the skin, and seek urgent medical attention. Do not break blisters or apply creams, lotions or adhesive dressings.
When and how to treat a teeth injury?
Bleeding from the mouth, dislodged tooth
The tooth has been loosened, keep it in place and seek immediate dental advice, place it in milk or clean with the casualty’s saliva and seek urgent dental assistance. Most teeth can be saved if the root is not handled, hygiene is observed and attention is immediate.
When and how to treat a concussion?
Blurred vision, loss of memory, headache, change in size of one pupil, bleeding from nose or ears, abnormal responses to commands
DRSABCD, support neck and head, keep airway open and if conscious place them in lateral position. Do not apply pressure to bleeding and seek medical attention.
