Management and Decision Making Flashcards

1
Q

What does performance improvement refer to?

A

the methodology used to improve performance of organizations and individuals within those organizations

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2
Q

What is performance improvement driven by?

A

data

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3
Q

What does performance improvement start with?

A

A root cause analysis

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4
Q

What is performance management?

A

A defined process for management by which an organization involves employees, as individuals and members of a group, in improving organizational effectiveness toward the accomplishment of its mission and goals

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5
Q

What does quality improvement refer to?

A

The use of data driven methodologies to define and close the gap between the current and expected performance outcomes using performance management to address system deficiencies that generates a broader range of interventions than performance improvement

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6
Q

What are 3 methodologies management will take to approach the decision-making process?

A
  • Project management
  • Operational planning
  • Business planning
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7
Q

The methodology of decision making is guided by what 2 elements?

A
  1. Organizational Culture

2. Management Style

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8
Q

What are 2 aspects of the organizational culture that one must keep in mind?

A
  • Sociability

- Solidarity

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9
Q

Define sociability

A

How well do employees get along

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10
Q

Define solidarity

A

Measure of organization’s ability to pursue shared objectives quickly and effectively

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11
Q

What are the 5 management styles?

A
  1. Commander Model
  2. Change model
  3. Collaborative Model
  4. Cultural Model
  5. Crescive/Grow Model
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12
Q

Describe the commander model

A

Management style characterized by top-down thinking by the CEO

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13
Q

Describe the change model

A

a strategic planning model where upper management’s style is to include multiple level managers in the process

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14
Q

Describe the collaborative model

A

group oriented planning using techniques like brainstorming used by management to broaden thinking

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15
Q

Describe the cultural model

A

management style that is collaborative and seeks input from all levels of the organization

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16
Q

Describe the crescive/grow model

A

management style somewhat opposite of the commander model as this is a bottom-up approach that includes input from the direct service/clinical providers (PTs) of the organization

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17
Q

What can be defined as a data driven method to improve organizational performance and individual performance?

A

Performance Improvement

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18
Q

The emphasis of a performance improvement is on what?

A

the CAUSE

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19
Q

What is a root cause analysis?

A

a technique used with performance improvement that identifies the conditions that initiate an undesired state

i.e. “What started us down the wrong path?”

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20
Q

What can be defined as a data driven method to define and close the gap between the current state and expected performance outcomes?

A

Quality Improvement

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21
Q

The emphasis of a quality improvement is on what?

A

the PROCESS

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22
Q

What is an example of a situation analysis tool associated with quality improvement?

A

The Ishikawa’s Fish bone diagram

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23
Q

Total Quality Management is a management technique devoted to what?

A

exceeding customers expectations

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24
Q

What is a process analysis used to understand?

A

All or part of a work process

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25
Q

What are 3 tools included in a process analysis?

A
  • Failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA)
  • flow charts
  • mistake/error proofing
26
Q

What is a FMEA used to identify?

A

All potential points of failure in a design, current service, or product before they occur.

27
Q

What does the FMEA use to identify potential failure points?

A

flow charts

28
Q

Once potential failure points are identified, what happens?

A

They are ranked by degree of risk and are acted on in order of risk priority

29
Q

What are 2 tools for current operations performance analysis?

A
  • Business intelligence systems

- Decision support systems

30
Q

What are business intelligence systems

A

Applications and technology for gathering, storing, analyzing, and providing access to data to help make better business decisions

31
Q

What are decision support systems

A

Integrated computer support systems to manage organizations and aid in making rational decisions

32
Q

What is data mining?

A

A class of database applications that look for hidden patterns in data to predict future behaviors

33
Q

The American Hospital Association Quality Center recommends that management should know the answer to what 4 questions?

A
  1. What is the rate of process variability?
  2. What is the rate of waste?
  3. What are the types of defects or errors?
  4. What is the overall rate of organizational variability?
34
Q

What are the 4 major systematic methods?

A
  • Malcolm Baldridge National Quality Criteria
  • Six Sigma
  • Lean
  • ISO 9000
35
Q

Describe the premise behind the Malcolm Baldridge National Quality Criteria

A

Outcomes driven performance management system with a basis in data, analysis, and knowledge.
Baldridge criteria provide a framework with performance requirements to guide the structure and relationships of all organizational activities.

36
Q

What are the components of the Malcolm Baldridge National Quality Criteria?

A
  • Leadership
  • Strategic planning
  • patient, customer, and market focus
  • measurement, analysis, and knowledge
  • workforce focus
  • process management- results
37
Q

What are the benefits to the Baldridge method?

A
  • management commitment
  • inclusive of all staff
  • customer driven
  • data driven
  • alignment
  • compatible with other methods
38
Q

What are the challenges to the Baldridge method?

A
  • resource intensive
  • major cultural change
  • extensive monitoring
  • long implementation
39
Q

In what situations can the Baldridge method be applied?

A

Structure for oversight of overall organizational performance

40
Q

Describe the premise behind Six Sigma method

A

Data driven quality improvement methodology designed to minimize process variation

41
Q

What are the components of Six Sigma method

A
  • Define
  • Measure
  • Analyze
  • Improve
  • Control
42
Q

What are the benefits to the Six Sigma method?

A
  • decrease variation
  • reduce errors
  • improve processes
  • reduce costs
43
Q

What are the challenges to the Six Sigma method?

A
  • resource intensive
  • significant investment
  • long cycle times
44
Q

In what situations can the Six Sigma method be used?

A

All types of processes

45
Q

Six Sigma is a management system utilized with the goal of reducing errors up to __ standard deviations

A

2+

46
Q

How does Six Sigma seek to improve the quality of process outputs?

A

by identifying and removing the cause of defects (errors) and minimizing variability in manufacturing and business processes

47
Q

What are the 7 key principles of Six Sigma?

A
  1. Focus on the customer
  2. Identify and understand how the work gets done (value stream)
  3. Manage, improve, and smooth the process flow
  4. Remove non-value added steps and waste
  5. Manage by fact and reduce variation
  6. Involve and equip the people in the process
  7. Undertake improvement activity in a systematic way
48
Q

What are the 5 steps as in to how Six Sigma works practically?

DMAIC acronym

A
  1. Define: problem to be solved, define everyone’s roles, define what you are doing and what is the goal
  2. Measure: Clarify by seeing how the work gets done and measure how well it is done
  3. Analyze: find out why things are working as well as they could. Manage by fact, get to the root cause.
  4. Improve: Find a way to address root cause, come up with ideas and select the best one. Then test it out.
  5. Control: Achieve the goal you wanted and ensure the process continues and is carried out consistently
49
Q

Essentially what is value according to Six Sigma?

A

what a customer is willing to pay for out of their pocket

50
Q

Describe the premise behind the Lean method

A

Improvement of quality and efficiency through waste reduction from the following:

  • defects
  • excess motion
  • overproduction
  • transporting
  • excess inventory
  • wait times
51
Q

What are the components of the Lean method?

A
  • Flow charting
  • Elimination of non-value added steps
  • Allows any employee to fix a defect as it occurs
52
Q

What are the benefits to the Lean method?

A
  • quick identification and improvement of processes
  • reduced cost
  • improved flow
  • improved quality
  • improved productivity
53
Q

What are the challenges to the Lean method?

A
  • worker engagement
  • leadership engagement
  • short cycle times
54
Q

In what situations can the Lean method be applied?

A

All types of processes

55
Q

Describe the premise behind ISO 9000 method

A

Provides a framework for organizations to fulfill customer specified quality requirements, and continuously improve processes

56
Q

What are the components of ISO 9000 method?

A
  • customer focus
  • leadership
  • involvement of people
  • process approach
  • systems approach
  • continual improvement
  • date driven
  • mutually beneficial relationships
57
Q

What are the benefits to the ISO 9000 method?

A
  • systematic approach
  • data driven
  • alignment
  • communication
  • constant improvement
58
Q

What are the challenges to the ISO 9000 method?

A
  • time consuming
  • high standardization
  • extensive training
59
Q

In what situations can the ISO 9000 method be applied?

A

structure oversight of overall organizational performance

60
Q

Typically the ISO 9000 is associated with a ____-__-___-___ cycle

A

plan-do-check-act (PDCA)

Plan: assess ideas
Do: pilot phase
Check: examine pilot results to determine what went right and wrong
Act: implementation (options are to either adopt, abandon, or redo)

61
Q

What are patient’s main complaint?

A

delayed start times (therapist is running late)