mammography & hysterosalpinography Flashcards
What do high frequency generators do
allow for constant radiation output
The purpose of specialized grids in mammography is to
improve image contrast
What is different about dedicated mammography units
- high frequency generators
- various tube and filter materials
- focal spot sizes that allow tissue magnification
- specialized grids
Why do we use high frequency generators
- minimal voltage ripple
- higher xray output for a given peak kVp
- consistent radiation output
Give 3 combinations of tube filters and materials for mammography
- Mo/Mo
-Mo/Rh - Rh/Rh
- molebdynnum is good for denser breast
2 types of specialized grids for mammo
- High Transmission Cellular (HTC) Grids: honeycomb or cross-hatch design,
which reduces scatter in two directions. - Soft-Tissue Grids: allows the use of higher kVp techniques, improving
penetration of dense breast tissue.
What is Full Field Digital Mammography
A mammography system that uses digital technology to capture images of
the breast.
* FFDM replaces X-ray film with solid-state detectors.
* Detectors convert X-rays into electrical signals, which are then used to
produce digital images of the breast.
5 key features of FFDM
- digital image capture
- improved image quality
- lower radiation dose
computer aided detection (AI) - efficient workflow
What is digital breast tomosynthesis
can reconstruct 3D information of objects with high-detailed resolution based on the finite number of projection images.
- Acquires images of a stationary, compressed breast at multiple
angles.
- images are reconstructed into thin, high-resolution slices that can be
displayed individually or in a dynamic cine-mode (like a movie).
When is digital breast tomosynthesis used
- potentially for patient with denser breast
Technique of digital breast tomosythesis
- use low dose x-ray
- not much more than regular mammo
Function of Tomosythesis
- taking multiple images to unsuperimpose breast tissue
- shift and add to reconstruct and bring one section of tissue more into focus
What is computer aided detection
- computer detects pathologies etc in image
- area is pointed at for radiologist
What is a key technical aspect of digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) that contributes to its ability to improve the detection of lesions in dense breast tissue?
Breast compression is not required in digital breast tomosynthesis exams. True or False?
True
What is a key advantage of full-field digital mammography (FFDM) over traditional screen-film mammography?
Ability to store and transmit images electronically, with improved contrast resolution
What is a primary function of computer-aided detection (CAD) systems in mammography?
To mark suspicious areas for radiologists to review.
Which symptoms would typically indicate the need for a diagnostic mammogram?
- a new lump in the breast
Which of the following risk factors would typically indicate the need for more frequent or earlier mammography screening? (Select all the apply)
A personal history of breast cancer or a strong family history of breast cancer.
or a genetic mutation in BRCA 1 or BRCA 2 gene
What is a significant change in breast anatomy that occurs during menopause?
A decrease in glandular tissue and an increase in fatty tissue due to lower estrogen levels.
What is the primary role of the Cooper’s ligaments in the female breast?
To provide structural support by connecting the breast tissue to the overlying skin.
Most lesions associated with breast cancer are found in the
UOQ
What is MLO view
mediolateral projection
- imaginary line from shoulder to midsternum
- angle from 30-60*
What are the 2 main projections for mammo
- craniocaudal
- Mediolateral oblique
