barium swallow & upper GI Flashcards
Esophagus
wt vol% of contrast
method of administration
patient prep
- 30-50%
- Oral
- No prep
Stomach: Upper GI
wt vol% of contrast
method of administration
patient prep
-30-50%
- Oral
- NPO after midnight before exam
Small Intestine: Small bowel series
wt vol% of contrast
method of administration
patient prep
40-60%
- Oral or Naso-duodenal
- low residue diet for 2 days prior to exam
Largest intestine: Barium Enema
wt vol% of contrast
method of administration
patient prep
12-25%
- Rectal
- Large amount of fluid day before NPO after midnight cleansing exam before
GI for CT
wt vol% of contrast
method of administration
patient prep
12-25%
- Oral
- NPO midnight before exam
What is Barium Sulfate
- positive/radiopaque
- shows up white in x-ray black in fluoro
- chalklike substance
- BaSO4
Water soluble Iodinated Contrast Media Indications and contraindications
Indications
- perforated viscus
- presurgical procedure
- used when worried about bowel perf because body can absorb
Contraindications
- hypersensitivity to iodine
Single vs Double Contrast Stud
-Single just uses barium sulfate
- double uses barium and carbon dioxide or room air
Where is the esophagus in the mediastinum
Posterior to aortic arch
What are the 3 luminal indentations in the esophagus
aortic arch
left main stem bronchus
heart
Contraindications of Barium Swallow
- allergy
- perforation
- high risk aspiration
- uncooperative
The Esophagus Procedure
- patient will drink a glass of barium suspension and swallow gas producing tablets
- erect and recumbent
- radiologist or technologist uses the fluoroscope and watches on the monitor
What is the valsava maneuver
deep breath and hold while bearing down
- increases venous pressure, can demonstrate esophageal varices
Muller Maneuver
exale and tries to inhale against closed glottis
- R/O aspiration or incomptent valves
Water Test
- Positive if barium regurgitates into esophagus
- LPO swallow water through
Compression Paddle
- Paddle inflated under stomach with patient in prone position
Moves bowel loops out of the way and creates reflux
Toe-Touch Maneuver
- Effective to demonstrate reflux and hiatal hernia
Modified Barium Swallow
- done for dysphagia or rehabbing patients (strokes)
- patient sitting or standing
- drinks/eats various mixtures of Ba with liquids/solids (thickest to thinnest vice versa)
- Lateral and AP fluoroscopy performed
What does the Upper GI series demonstrate
Mouth and upper esophagus
Distal esophagus
Stomach
Some of the small intestine
Emptying time for stomach
What is the Duodenum
- shortest and wide portion C-lopp (retroperitoneal)
Stomach Orientation
- Fundus: most posterior
- Body: anterior/inferior to fundus
- Pylorus: posterior/distal to body
Oblique for esophagus imaging
- RAO/LPO 35-45*
- same as sternum imaging creates wider space for esophagus
Centering for esophagus imaging
- T5/T6
Location of Duodenal Bulb/Gallbladder in Hyperstenic/ Astenic / Sthenic
- T11/T12
- L3/L4
- L1/L2
