Mammography and Venipunctures Flashcards
What is the recommended age for women start have yearly mammograms?
40
Breast cancer is the second only to ____?
lung cancer
32% accountable in all the new cancer in women
Mammography started to become a reliable diagnostic tool around what year?
1950s
What is the average survival rate for breast cancer patients?
2 years
1/8 women will develop it
Name the risk factors:
Age Family History Genetics Breast Type Menstruation < 13, menopause > 55 Prolong use of estrogen Late age birth/no children
What level does the breast start?
From (clavicle or 2nd rib) to (6th or 7th rib)
How many lobes does an average breast have?
15 to 20 lobes
What are the standard projection for a procedure?
Craniocaudal Projection
Mediolateral Oblique
Implant Displaced (Eklund Methold) for implants
True or False. Women should not wear deodorant before getting exam.
True
Why would you send a patient over to MRI
Detect palpable masses not seen in mammography/ultasound.
Able to view glandular breast
Possible leakage from silicone breast implants
Carcinoma locations:
Upper lateral: 50% Upper medial: 15% Nipple area: 20% Lower lateral: 10% Lower medial: 5%
Age group between 15 to 30 years of age, having very dense breast tissue and has very little fat.
Fibro-Glandular
Age group between 30 to 50 years of age, having 50% fat and 50% fibro-glandular, having more than 3 pregnancies.
Fibro-Fatty
50 years and over, Postmenopausal, and breast of children and men.
Fatty
What is a venipuncture
Puncture of the vein for withdrawal or injection of a substance.
fastest method where an instantaneous adverse reaction is possible
What year did American College of Radiology (ACR) officially allowed venipuncture to be in the scope of practice.
1991
What is the first thing you do before injecting a patient with a needle.
Introduce yourself, what department your from, obtain a PT history, explanation the procedure (why), and wash hands.
Name the 3 components of syringe?
Tip: area where needle attaches to syringe
Barrel
Plunger: plastic device on syringe to withdraw or inject solutions.
True or false, the gauge increase as the diameter of the bore decreases.
True.
*18 gauge is larger than a 22 gauge needle
Average size of a IV needle?
1” to 1 1/2”
Name the 3 components of the needle?
Hub: attaches to the syringe
Cannula: length of the needle
Bevel: slanted needle tip
What are the five rights of mediation?
right patient right medication right route right amount right time
Trachycardia, Bradycardia, Hypertension, Generalized erythema are symptoms of what?
Moderate Reaction to Contrast Media
What does infiltration/extravastion mean?
a process where fluid passes into the tissue instead of a vein. Needle displacement
How many attempts should a try before notifying a nurse?
2 attempts
What happens when both walls of the vein are punctured?
Hematoma will develop
remove needle and apply pressure at puncture site
How many degrees should you angle the needle before entering the skin
20 to 30 degrees
How many inches should the tourniquet be placed away from the puncture site
6 to 8 inches
Most commonly IV access points?
Anterior forearm, posterior hand, antecubital space.
for feet and legs PT should be 2 years and older
What is the difference between an artery and a vein
arteries contain more pressure and has a pulse.
veins lie closer to the surface
stainless steel needle with plastic appendages on both sides (wings), what am I?
Butterfly needle
also has a 6” of tubing with a connector @ the end
What is a over the needle cannula?
catheter slips off the needle after needle is injected into PT.
recommended for long therm therapy or rapid infusions
Laryngeal edema, profound hypotension, unresponsiveness, and cardiopulmonary arrest are symptoms of what?
Severe Reactions to Contrast Media
Nausea, Vomitting, Warmth, and Headaches are symptoms of what?
Mild Reactions to Contrast Media
