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Rad III Study Guide > CT and MRI Study Guide > Flashcards

CT and MRI Study Guide Flashcards

1
Q

What does Tomo and graphic stand for?

A

Tomo means slice. Graphia means describing

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2
Q

Who is consider the father of CT and what year did you began his research?

A

Hounsfield began his research in 1969.

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3
Q

Name the person that created the first 1st whole body scanner?

A

Ledley

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4
Q

Which generation of CT had translate/rotate functions?

A

Both first and second generations.

First gen. had a pencil beam while the second gen. had fan beam.

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5
Q

Which generation started the rotate/rotate function.

A

Third generation

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6
Q

What is the mA range?

A

10 to 500 mA

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7
Q

What do we call a single square, or picture element, within the matrix?

A

A pixel.

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8
Q

What does HU stand for? What are they used for?

A

HU stands for Hounsfield unit. A scale use to determine the density of a tissue compared to water.

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9
Q

Where does water stand on the HU scale?

A

0

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10
Q

Can you name the four basic functions of CT computer?

A

Data acquisition (DAS), Reconstruction, Storage of image data, and Image display.

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11
Q

What are DAS functions?

A

It turns detectors on and off at appropriate times, transfer data, and monitor the system operation.

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12
Q

What does the Gantry house?

A

X-ray tube, DAS, detectors, slip ring, high voltate generator.

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13
Q

Which generation is used for cardiac studies?

A

5th Generation

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14
Q

What is the average tilt of a gentry?

A

30 degrees. The aperture is about 28 inches.

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15
Q

How much heat can a CT x-ray tube can handle?

A

4-5 MHU. Standard x-ray tubes can go up to 2.1 MHU.

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16
Q

Name the two types of detectors?

A

Scintillation (solid state) beam strikes crystal and emits light which is converted to a electrical signal.

Ionization (gas) beam strikes gas chamber were it disturbs and beam converts to electrical energy. Uses xenon gas

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17
Q

This device allows for continuous rotation of an x-ray tube/detector assembly. It also provides electrical power to operate x-ray tube and transfer signals from detectors to computer.

A

Slip ring

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18
Q

What is the power range for a CT scanner?

A

20-100 KW

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19
Q

Filters are positioned between the ____ and ____ to shape the beam and provide more uniformity at the detectors.

A

x-ray tube and patient

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20
Q

What type of wavelength does filtration remove?

A

long-wavelength x-ray photons

also shapes the energy distribution

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21
Q

What does the pre-collimator do?

A

Ensure constant beam width. Reduce PT radiation doses. Station between the x-tube and before the patient.

22
Q

Where is the DAS located?

A

Between the detectors array and the computer.

23
Q

What is another name for patient table?

A

Couch. Weight limit can range from 300 to 600 lb.

24
Q

What does the post-patient collimator do?

A

Refines the x-ray beam. Reduce scatter radiation and noise. Improves thickness of the slice.

25
Q

Name the type of scan that involves a x-ray tube rotating around the patient and collects data, stops to allow the patient to move, and repeats the process.

A

Conventional (slice-by-slice) Scanning

26
Q

A type of scanning that involves the x-ray tube to continuously rotate around the patient and trace a spiral/helical path under a single breath-hold.

A

Volume (spiral/helical) Scanning

27
Q

Radiation Dose: Average dose resulting from scans over an interval length on the patient.

A

MSAD (Multiple Scan Average Dose)

28
Q

Radiation Dose: Used for volume scanning.

A

CTDI (Computed Tomography Dose Index)

29
Q

Radiation Dose: The method used to report dose.

A

DLP (Dose Length Product)

30
Q

The tissue density can be distinguished in less than .05% and can see the see the small differences in density.

A

Contrast Resolution

31
Q

This image quality is affected by the degree of blur and the ability to see the difference between two objects close together.

A

Spatial Resolution

32
Q

This image quality has the shortest amount of time needed to complete a scan and has the ability to freeze any motion of a scanned object.

A

Temporal Resolution

33
Q

How much barium is in oral contrast?

A

2% barium sulfate

intravenous - never exceed over 200 cc

34
Q

What is the Kvp?

A

80 to 140 KVp.

35
Q

What affects the brightness of image?

A

window level/center

36
Q

What affects the contrast of the image?

A

window width

37
Q

Difference between Scan and Display FOV?

A

Scan FOV measures a circular region of a scanned region.

Display FOV displays what was scanned but setting must be equal to or less than the scan FOV.

38
Q

Who was the person that produced the 1st MRI image of the human being?

A

Damadian

39
Q

The antennas that MRI system that broadcast the ___ signal to the patient or receives the return signal

A

RF (Radiofrequencey) coils

40
Q

Who was the first to produce the 1st MRI image of an object?

A

Lauterbur

41
Q

In MRI, the most abundant element in the body?

A

Hydrogen

Hydrogen has the strongest nuclear magnet

42
Q

Name the three types of magnets.

A 
Resistive magnets (limited field strength)
Superconductive magnets (uses liquid helium for cooling)
Permanent magnets (does not require electricity)
43
Q

How much does 1 Tesla equal to?

A

10,000 G

44
Q

Low-field magnets range between?

A

0.2 T – 1.0 T

45
Q

In MRI, if wanted to look for pathology, which image setting would I use?

A

T2 weighted image

For anatomy use T1

46
Q

What is gadolinium?

A

Paramagnetic substance used in T1 agents.

47
Q

The force of the projectiles are pulled towards magnetic field is proportional to:

A

Strength of the magnet
distance of the magnet
mass of the object
material that the object is made from

48
Q

MRI can produce noises up to ___

A

130 dB

49
Q

Thermal injuries can arise from…

A

Cables from the coil, metals, wires, medications skin patches with foil

50
Q

Thermal injuries can arise from…

A

Cables from the coil

Metals, wires, medications skin patches with foil

51
Q

Which generation rotate/stationary model.

A

4th generation.

Has a ring of detectors

Rad III Study Guide (2 decks)

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