MAMMO - MIDTERM L1 Flashcards
The breast’s External Appearance is typically composed of (3):
- External Landmarks
- Skin
- Nipple and Areola
The Inframammary Fold is also known as the ______
Inframammary Crease / Inframammary Line
What are the five common external landmarks of the breast ?
- Nipple
- Inframammary Fold
- Axilla
- Base of the Breast
- Apex
It is the portion adjacent to the chest wall
Base of the Breast
TRUE OR FALSE:
The Apex is also considered as the Nipple
TRUE
What are the four quadrants of the breast ?
- Upper Outer Quadrant
- Upper Inner Quadrant
- Lower Inner Quadrant
- Lower Outer Quadrant
To further refine breast quadrant locations, the _____ principle is used
Clock Time
ICD-10-CM stands for:
International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification
What is the ICD-10-CM code for malignant breast cancer in the UPPER OUTER QUADRANT OF THE BREAST ?
C50.4
What is the ICD-10-CM code for malignant breast cancer in the UPPER INNER QUADRANT OF THE BREAST ?
C50.2
What is the ICD-10-CM code for malignant breast cancer in the LOWER OUTER QUADRANT OF THE BREAST ?
C50.5
What is the ICD-10-CM code for malignant breast cancer in the LOWER INNER QUADRANT OF THE BREAST ?
C50.3
Fill up the four breast quadrants with their corresponding ICD-10-CM codes for malignant breast cancer:
UPPER OUTER QUADRANT =
UPPER INNER QUADRANT =
LOWER OUTER QUADRANT =
LOWER INNER QUADRANT =
UPPER OUTER QUADRANT = C50.4
UPPER INNER QUADRANT = C50.2
LOWER OUTER QUADRANT = C50.5
LOWER INNER QUADRANT = C50.3
The Base of the Breast is measured ______
About 2 mm
The Nipple is measured from ___to ____ mm
4 to 5 mm
The Skin approaching the nipple is measured as ______
0.5 mm
It is the center point that provides reference to describe location of normal anatomy and pathology
Nipple
The Nipple is raised and darkened with a circular extension with multiple ________
Crevices
It is a smooth, circular darkening surrounding the nipple
Areola
What are the four (4) Nipple Variations most common among women ?
- Inverted
- Flat
- Acquired Retracted
- Hairy
This is the nipple variation wherein it was an originally raised tissue but begins to withdraw
Acquired Retracted
What is the most common nipple variation among women ?
Protruding
These are bumps in the areola with specialized sebaceous types that provide lubrication during lactation
Montgomery Glands
The female breast contains how many lobes ?
15 - 20 Lobes
They contain Acini, Draining Ducts, and Interlobar Connective Tissue
Lobules
Lymphathic vessels of the breast drain _____ and ______
Laterally and Medially
What are the four (4) lymph nodes adjacent to the breast area:
- Pectoralis Major Muscle
- Axillary Lymph Nodes
- Supraclavicular Lymph Nodes
- Internal Mammary Lymph Nodes
These are small glands that filter the clear fluid that circulates through the lymphatic system ?
BONUS Q: What do you call that clear fluid ?
Lymph Nodes
Bonus: Lymph
It is the FIRST lymph node to which a tumor initially drains
Sentinel Lymph Nodes
An Epithelial cell that forms the innermost layer lining ducts and acini that are cuboidal to columnar in shape, responsible for producing milk or does not undergo lactational change
Luminal Cells
This epithelial cell forms the outermost layer between luminal cell membrane and basement, and functions to support basement membrane, maintenance of luminal cell polarity, and contraction for milk ejection
Myoepithelial Cells
This is the support of epithelial cells that provide majority of the breast volume
Stromal Fibroblasts and Myofibroblasts
What are the components of the breast’s internal anatomy (4):
- Retromammary Space
- Pectoral Fascia
- Pectoralis Major
- Fibrous Septum
It is a thin layer of connective tissue that covers the pectoralis major muscle and extends to the breast
Pectoral Fascia
It is a layer of adipose tissue and connective fascia that separate the breast from the pectoral muscle
Retromammary Space
A large, fan-shaped muscle that forms the base of the breast and the anterior wall of the axilla
Pectoralis Major
A thin, horizontal sheet of tissue that divides the breast into upper and lower halves.
Fibrous Septum
This is a hormone present only during initial breast growth, pregnancy, and lactation
Prolactin
The Breast Parenchyma is composed of (4):
- Glandular Components
- Lymphatic Network
- Blood Vessels
- Connective and Supportive Stroma
The total amount of glandular tissue increases and decreases with the following EXCEPT:
A. Hormonal Fluctuation
B. Pregnancy
C. Breast Architecture
D. Age
C. Breast Architecture
These are hormones responsible for ductal proliferation
Estrogen
These are hormones responsible for lobular proliferation and growth
Progesterone
Abnormal growth and change in the breast are partially due to the _____ or ______ of _____
Over- or Underproduction of Hormones
Estrogen stimulates epithelial proliferation and enlargement within the larger ductal structures during the _______ of the menstrual cycle.
First Phase
There is an increase in blood flow and interstitial fluid retention that leads to premenstrual lumpiness and tenderness during ______
Ovulation
Which cause involution and regression of the terminal ductal lobular unit and the lobules ?
Estrogenic Influences
Milk production causes _______
Ductal Dilation
(Kung ang breast ay Dede, DD naman ang nangyayari during milk production)
Menopause atrophy begins at menopause and ends _____ to ____ later
3 to 5 Years Later
Atrophy begins _______ and ______, then ____, working its way to the ____
- Medially
- Posteriorly
- Laterally
- Nipple
During the onset of menstruation, the _____ enlarge and the ______ fully form to produce milk.
- Lobules
- Acini
Fill up the following quadrants with their corresponding breast area occupation percentage:
Upper Outer Quadrant =
Upper Inner Quadrant =
Lower Outer Quadrant =
Lower Inner Quadrant =
Nipple Areola =
Upper Outer Quadrant = 50 %
Upper Inner Quadrant = 15 %
Lower Outer Quadrant = 11 %
Lower Inner Quadrant = 6 %
Nipple Areola = 18 %
