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MAMMOGRAPHY > MAMMO - MIDTERM L1 > Flashcards

MAMMO - MIDTERM L1 Flashcards

1
Q

The breast’s External Appearance is typically composed of (3):

A
  1. External Landmarks
  2. Skin
  3. Nipple and Areola
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2
Q

The Inframammary Fold is also known as the ______

A

Inframammary Crease / Inframammary Line

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3
Q

What are the five common external landmarks of the breast ?

A
  1. Nipple
  2. Inframammary Fold
  3. Axilla
  4. Base of the Breast
  5. Apex
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4
Q

It is the portion adjacent to the chest wall

A

Base of the Breast

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5
Q

TRUE OR FALSE:

The Apex is also considered as the Nipple

A

TRUE

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6
Q

What are the four quadrants of the breast ?

A
  1. Upper Outer Quadrant
  2. Upper Inner Quadrant
  3. Lower Inner Quadrant
  4. Lower Outer Quadrant
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7
Q

To further refine breast quadrant locations, the _____ principle is used

A

Clock Time

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8
Q

ICD-10-CM stands for:

A

International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision, Clinical Modification

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9
Q

What is the ICD-10-CM code for malignant breast cancer in the UPPER OUTER QUADRANT OF THE BREAST ?

A

C50.4

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10
Q

What is the ICD-10-CM code for malignant breast cancer in the UPPER INNER QUADRANT OF THE BREAST ?

A

C50.2

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11
Q

What is the ICD-10-CM code for malignant breast cancer in the LOWER OUTER QUADRANT OF THE BREAST ?

A

C50.5

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12
Q

What is the ICD-10-CM code for malignant breast cancer in the LOWER INNER QUADRANT OF THE BREAST ?

A

C50.3

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12
Q

Fill up the four breast quadrants with their corresponding ICD-10-CM codes for malignant breast cancer:

UPPER OUTER QUADRANT =
UPPER INNER QUADRANT =
LOWER OUTER QUADRANT =
LOWER INNER QUADRANT =

A

UPPER OUTER QUADRANT = C50.4
UPPER INNER QUADRANT = C50.2
LOWER OUTER QUADRANT = C50.5
LOWER INNER QUADRANT = C50.3

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12
Q

The Base of the Breast is measured ______

A

About 2 mm

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13
Q

The Nipple is measured from ___to ____ mm

A

4 to 5 mm

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13
Q

The Skin approaching the nipple is measured as ______

A

0.5 mm

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13
Q

It is the center point that provides reference to describe location of normal anatomy and pathology

A

Nipple

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14
Q

The Nipple is raised and darkened with a circular extension with multiple ________

A

Crevices

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15
Q

It is a smooth, circular darkening surrounding the nipple

A

Areola

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16
Q

What are the four (4) Nipple Variations most common among women ?

A
  1. Inverted
  2. Flat
  3. Acquired Retracted
  4. Hairy
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17
Q

This is the nipple variation wherein it was an originally raised tissue but begins to withdraw

A

Acquired Retracted

18
Q

What is the most common nipple variation among women ?

A

Protruding

19
Q

These are bumps in the areola with specialized sebaceous types that provide lubrication during lactation

A

Montgomery Glands

19
Q

The female breast contains how many lobes ?

A

15 - 20 Lobes

19
They contain Acini, Draining Ducts, and Interlobar Connective Tissue
Lobules
19
Lymphathic vessels of the breast drain _____ and ______
Laterally and Medially
20
What are the four (4) lymph nodes adjacent to the breast area:
1. Pectoralis Major Muscle 2. Axillary Lymph Nodes 3. Supraclavicular Lymph Nodes 4. Internal Mammary Lymph Nodes
21
These are small glands that filter the clear fluid that circulates through the lymphatic system ? BONUS Q: What do you call that clear fluid ?
Lymph Nodes Bonus: Lymph
22
It is the FIRST lymph node to which a tumor initially drains
Sentinel Lymph Nodes
23
An Epithelial cell that forms the innermost layer lining ducts and acini that are cuboidal to columnar in shape, responsible for producing milk or does not undergo lactational change
Luminal Cells
24
This epithelial cell forms the outermost layer between luminal cell membrane and basement, and functions to support basement membrane, maintenance of luminal cell polarity, and contraction for milk ejection
Myoepithelial Cells
25
This is the support of epithelial cells that provide majority of the breast volume
Stromal Fibroblasts and Myofibroblasts
26
What are the components of the breast's internal anatomy (4):
1. Retromammary Space 2. Pectoral Fascia 3. Pectoralis Major 4. Fibrous Septum
26
It is a thin layer of connective tissue that covers the pectoralis major muscle and extends to the breast
Pectoral Fascia
26
It is a layer of adipose tissue and connective fascia that separate the breast from the pectoral muscle
Retromammary Space
26
A large, fan-shaped muscle that forms the base of the breast and the anterior wall of the axilla
Pectoralis Major
27
A thin, horizontal sheet of tissue that divides the breast into upper and lower halves.
Fibrous Septum
28
This is a hormone present only during initial breast growth, pregnancy, and lactation
Prolactin
28
The Breast Parenchyma is composed of (4):
1. Glandular Components 2. Lymphatic Network 3. Blood Vessels 4. Connective and Supportive Stroma
28
The total amount of glandular tissue increases and decreases with the following EXCEPT: A. Hormonal Fluctuation B. Pregnancy C. Breast Architecture D. Age
C. Breast Architecture
28
These are hormones responsible for ductal proliferation
Estrogen
29
These are hormones responsible for lobular proliferation and growth
Progesterone
30
Abnormal growth and change in the breast are partially due to the _____ or ______ of _____
Over- or Underproduction of Hormones
31
Estrogen stimulates epithelial proliferation and enlargement within the larger ductal structures during the _______ of the menstrual cycle.
First Phase
32
There is an increase in blood flow and interstitial fluid retention that leads to premenstrual lumpiness and tenderness during ______
Ovulation
33
Which cause involution and regression of the terminal ductal lobular unit and the lobules ?
Estrogenic Influences
34
Milk production causes _______
Ductal Dilation (Kung ang breast ay Dede, DD naman ang nangyayari during milk production)
35
Menopause atrophy begins at menopause and ends _____ to ____ later
3 to 5 Years Later
35
Atrophy begins _______ and ______, then ____, working its way to the ____
1. Medially 2. Posteriorly 3. Laterally 4. Nipple
35
During the onset of menstruation, the _____ enlarge and the ______ fully form to produce milk.
1. Lobules 2. Acini
36
Fill up the following quadrants with their corresponding breast area occupation percentage: Upper Outer Quadrant = Upper Inner Quadrant = Lower Outer Quadrant = Lower Inner Quadrant = Nipple Areola =
Upper Outer Quadrant = 50 % Upper Inner Quadrant = 15 % Lower Outer Quadrant = 11 % Lower Inner Quadrant = 6 % Nipple Areola = 18 %

MAMMOGRAPHY (3 decks)

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