Mammary Physiology Flashcards
Variation in location, number, and nipple openings of mamamry glands correlate to:
Litter size
The mammary gland is an _____ gland that functions to:
Exocrine
Nourish the neonate
Explain how the mammary gland functions as a food source and as protection:
Food Source: Fat, protein, sugar (CHO), vitamins, minerals, water
Protection: Immunoglobulins (colostrum), first antibody protection
Components of bovine milk include:
Water
Fat
Solids (Protein, Lactose, Minerals)
Proteins included in milk include:
Casein and whey
Definition of milk solids:
Dried powder left after all the water is removed from liquid milk
Why does the amount of milk solids matter in real life?
Too much water and/or too few solids can lead to diarrhea and malnutrition
Milk replacer is typically what percent solids?
12-15%
The less total solids in a species’ milk, the _____ suckling occurs
MORE
Fat in bovine milk is made from:
Half from Acetate and Butyrate production in rumen
Half is pooled fatty acids from blood (body fat, diet, synthesized in liver)
____ have the most fat in milk, followed by ____ and finally _____ (least).
Sheep
Cows
Goats
Protein is formed in the mammary glands by:
Lactational epithelial cells
Milk protein is synthesized by:
Amino acids in blood
Glucose required (Propionate from rumen, breakdown of AA)
Casein is the ___ portion of the milk, and _____ is used to separate casein from whey
Curd
Acid treatment (Rennin)
Whey is the ______ portion of the milk and is mainly made of:
Liquid (by-product of cheese production)
Alpha-lactalbumin and beta-lactoglobulin
Lactose is a _________ composed of _____ and ______
Disaccharide; glucose/galactose
What is the rate limiting step for milk production in cattle? Why?
Lactose production
Based upon how much glucose is available from propionate
What are the inorganic components of milk?
High in: Ca, P, K, I, and vitamins
Low in: Na/Cl (less than blood)
Lower in: Fe, Se, & other micro minerals
Nonstructural carbohydrates include _________ and form _______ (VFA)
Concentrates (Sugar/Starch), Propionate
Structural carbohydrates include:
Lignin
Cellulose
Hemicellulose
Pectin