Mammary Glands Flashcards
What are mammary glands
-function
-present in what genders
-post natally only develop in…
Modified skin glands (sweat glands)
-nourish young
-present in both sexes (male rabbits don’t have teats)
-females- in female development continues during puberty an pregnancy
Mammary glands are exocrine or endocrine?
Exocrine
How many pairs of teats does each species have?
-bitch
-mare
-ewe
-pig
-queen (cat)
-goat
-cow
- 5
- 2
- 2
- 7 (range from 5-9)
- 4
- 1
- 2
What is the region in which teats/glands (the udder) are found in the;
-bitch
-queen
-mare
-sow (pig)
-ewe
-goat
-cow
- Cranial and caudal Thoracic, cranial and caudal abdominal & inguinal region
- Caudal Thoracic, cranial and caudal abdominal & inguinal
- Inguinal
- Thoracic, abdominal & inguinal
- Inguinal
- Inguinal
- Inguinal but can extend from vulva to umbilicus8
Name the 4 glands found in the bovine (cow)
Hindquarters 2x
Forequarter 2x
What runs down the middle of the left and right halves of the bovine udder?
The inter mammary groove (on anki)
function of the suspensory apparatus of the udder
supports the weight of the lactating bovine udder
what does the suspensor apparatus consist of?
medial laminae (paired & elastic)
lateral laminae (collagenous)
what is the tunica flava and what animal is it found in
Function
highly elastic fascia found in large animals which supports weight of abdominal contents
(on anki)
each pair of ligaments of suspensory apparatus is derived from what?
medial ligamanets–> derived from tunica flava
lateral ligaments–> derived from extension of the aponeurotic tendon of the exteneral abdominal oblique
all components of the milk in the udder are derived from what?
the blood
name the structures found in the udder
on ankii
name the structures found in the alveoli of the udder
on anki
are teat canals always open?
nope close between milkings
what do the myoepithelial cells do?
surround alveoli and eject milk into branching duct system
what type of epithelium is found in the glandular parenchyma?
simple cuboidal secretory epithelium
function of the lactiferous sinus
storage of milk in between milkings
why is closure of teat in between milkings important?
defence agasint microbial influx
what type of epithelium is found in the teat canal/papillary duct
stratified squamous
how long can closure of teat duct by teat sphincter take/
around 30mins
what type of muscle is teat sphincter?
smooth muscle (surrounds the teat duct)
when substances are passing through cell mebrane to get the lumen of the alveolis, do all substances need a transporter?
no ot all e.g wateral, vitamins, minerals, immunoglobulins
howveer others like proteins, fat and lactose need transporters as they are produced in the secretory cells
for each litre of milk how many litres of blood have to pass through tissue?
500
name the main arterial supply to lactating bovine udder
external pudendal artery
through which canal does the external pudendal artery transport in?
inguinal canal
as the external pudendal artery enters udder, what happens to it?
splits into cranial and caudal mammary arteries & these form little capillaries
name the 2 venous drainage routes of the lactating udder
external pudendal & subcutaneous abdominal (milk vein) vein
which of the venous drainage routes only develops during first pregnancy? why does it form?
subcutaneous abdominal; vessels anastomose and join together and form new route when the one external pudendal route proves to be not enough for the volume of drainage
lymph drainage in the bovine udder is important for what?
drain excess tissue fluid and take it back to blood vascular system close to heart
describe the lymphatic drainage system of the bovine udder
starts at blind ended capillaries; excess fluid drains into them; they in turn build into bigger lyphatics; pass through superficial inguinal lymph nodes, enter body cavity through inguinal canal and drain into blood vascular system
name the 2 mammary lymph nodes found in the bovine udder
superficial inguinal lymph nodes
what can occur to the lymph nodes if mammal suffering form mastitis?
can become enlarged
name the 4 nerves found in bovine udder
iliohypogastric, ilioinguinal, genitofemoral, pudendal nerves (location on anki)
which nerve is invloved in the milk let down reflex?
genitofemoral
milk let down reflex
-milk stored in finer branches of gland and in alveolu on becomes available when what occurs?
-oxytocin released from hypothalamus
milk production is dependant on levels of… and…
prolactin and regular removal of milk
weaning results in regression. what does that mean?
regression- loss of secretory cells
Size of the bovine udder depends on…
sexual maturity
Functional status
Individual breed
Supernumerary teats common in hindquarters
