Mammary Glands

Question 1

Where are mammary glands present?

Answer 1

Both sexes, develop in females after puberty

Question 2

What type of gland are they?

Answer 2

Modified sweat gland
Apocrine type

Question 3

Location

Answer 3

In superficial fascia (except axillary tail)
2-6th rib
From lateral border of sternum to mid axillary line

Question 4

Location of tail

Answer 4

Closely related to long thoracic nerve and axillary lymph nodes
Tail of spence passes through opening in deep fascia (called foramen langer)

Question 5

Deep relations to mammary glands

Answer 5

—Reteromammary space - lake of mercille
Helps mobility/passage of vessels and space for implants

— deep fascia covering pectoralis major muscles

— some part of serratus anterior and external oblique abdominis muscle

Question 6

what are the two regions?

Answer 6

circular body
axillary tail

Question 7

what are the glands in the areola?

Answer 7

sebaceous glands that large during pregnancy and secrete an oily substance that is a protective lubricant

Question 8

what is the make up of the gland?

Answer 8

series of ducts and secretory lobules
each lobule has many alveoli drained to a single lactiferous duct that collect at the nipple

Question 9

what type of gland is a mammary gland?

Answer 9

compound tubule-alveolar gland

Question 10

what is surrounding the lobes?

Answer 10

connective tissue
supporting framework
adipose tissue

Question 11

why is there high sensitivity in the nipple?

Answer 11

rich nerve supply

Question 12

how does the nipple stiffen or flatten?

Answer 12

by circular or longitudinal muscles

Question 13

connective tissue stroma (supports glands) components?

Answer 13

fibrous
fatty

Question 14

fibrous stroma forms?

Answer 14

suspensory ligaments of Cooper

Question 15

suspensory ligaments of Cooper functions

Answer 15

attach and secure the breast to dermis/underlying pectoral fascia
separate the secretory lobules of the breast

Question 16

pectoral fascia

Answer 16

associated with pectorals major
attachment for suspensory ligaments

Question 17

vasculature main

Answer 17

internal thoracic artery (branch of subclavian artery)

veins- axillary vein and internal thoracic vein

Question 18

lateral arteries

Answer 18

lateral thoracic and thoracoacromial branches (from axillary artery)
lateral mammary branches (from posterior intercoastal arteries)
mammary branch (anterior intercostal artery)

Question 19

lymphatic groups

Answer 19

axillary nodes
parasternal nodes
posterior intercostal nodes

Question 20

superficial lymphatics

Answer 20

UL- axillary, infraclavicular
LL- axillary
UM- parasternal, supracalvicular
LM- parasternal, subdiaphragmatic, subperitoneal plexus

Question 21

nipple and areola drainage

Answer 21

subareolar lymphatic plexus

Question 22

nerve supply

Answer 22

anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of 4-6th intercostal nerves

both sensory and autonomic

Question 23

metastasis

Answer 23

good lymph drainage so can spread

Question 24

what lymph node receives the most drainage from the breast?

Answer 24

axillary (75%)

Question 25

polythelia

Answer 25

multiple nipples

Question 26

polymastia

Answer 26

extra breast tissue

Question 27

athelia

Answer 27

no nipples

Question 28

amastia

Answer 28

one breast

Question 29

mammogram

Answer 29

screening of breast

Question 30

self-examination

Answer 30

inspect:
symmetry
change in colour
retraction of nipple
discharge from nipple

palpate:
all four quadrants
not any lumps
raise arm to feel lymph nodes in axilla