Mammary Glands Flashcards
Where are mammary glands present?
Both sexes, develop in females after puberty
What type of gland are they?
Modified sweat gland
Apocrine type
Location
In superficial fascia (except axillary tail)
2-6th rib
From lateral border of sternum to mid axillary line
Location of tail
Closely related to long thoracic nerve and axillary lymph nodes
Tail of spence passes through opening in deep fascia (called foramen langer)
Deep relations to mammary glands
—Reteromammary space - lake of mercille
Helps mobility/passage of vessels and space for implants
— deep fascia covering pectoralis major muscles
— some part of serratus anterior and external oblique abdominis muscle
what are the two regions?
circular body
axillary tail
what are the glands in the areola?
sebaceous glands that large during pregnancy and secrete an oily substance that is a protective lubricant
what is the make up of the gland?
series of ducts and secretory lobules
each lobule has many alveoli drained to a single lactiferous duct that collect at the nipple
what type of gland is a mammary gland?
compound tubule-alveolar gland
what is surrounding the lobes?
connective tissue
supporting framework
adipose tissue
why is there high sensitivity in the nipple?
rich nerve supply
how does the nipple stiffen or flatten?
by circular or longitudinal muscles
connective tissue stroma (supports glands) components?
fibrous
fatty
fibrous stroma forms?
suspensory ligaments of Cooper
suspensory ligaments of Cooper functions
attach and secure the breast to dermis/underlying pectoral fascia
separate the secretory lobules of the breast
pectoral fascia
associated with pectorals major
attachment for suspensory ligaments
vasculature main
internal thoracic artery (branch of subclavian artery)
veins- axillary vein and internal thoracic vein
lateral arteries
lateral thoracic and thoracoacromial branches (from axillary artery)
lateral mammary branches (from posterior intercoastal arteries)
mammary branch (anterior intercostal artery)
lymphatic groups
axillary nodes
parasternal nodes
posterior intercostal nodes
superficial lymphatics
UL- axillary, infraclavicular
LL- axillary
UM- parasternal, supracalvicular
LM- parasternal, subdiaphragmatic, subperitoneal plexus
nipple and areola drainage
subareolar lymphatic plexus
nerve supply
anterior and lateral cutaneous branches of 4-6th intercostal nerves
both sensory and autonomic
metastasis
good lymph drainage so can spread
what lymph node receives the most drainage from the breast?
axillary (75%)
polythelia
multiple nipples
polymastia
extra breast tissue
athelia
no nipples
amastia
one breast
mammogram
screening of breast
self-examination
inspect:
symmetry
change in colour
retraction of nipple
discharge from nipple
palpate:
all four quadrants
not any lumps
raise arm to feel lymph nodes in axilla