Mammary Gland Flashcards
•It is ____ in shape.
•It lies in _______ of the front of chest.
•It has a _____ , apex and ____ .
•Its base extends from ___ to ___ ribs.
•It extends from the _____ to the ______ laterally.
•It has no capsule. True/False
• Conical
• superficial fascia
•base , tail
•2nd,6th
•sternum,midaxillary line
• True, it has no capsule
•2/3 of its base lies on the ____ muscle, while its inferolateral 1/3 lies on ______ & _______
•It’s _______ part sends a process into the axilla called the _____ or _____
•pectoralis major
•serratus anterior and external oblique muscle
• superolateral, axillary tail/ axillary process of Spence
Nipple:
•It is a _____ eminence that projects forwards from the _____ surface of the breast.
•The nipple lies opposite the ______
•It carries ___ - ___narrow pores of the lactiferous ducts
Areola :
•It is a ____,______ circular area of skin that surrounds the _____.
•The subcutaneous tissues of nipple & areola are devoid of ____.
• it has _______
• conical,anterior
• th intercostal space
• 15-20, lactiferous ducts
• dark, pink brownish ,nipple
• fat
• Tubercles of Montgomery
Concerning the breast:
•It is _______ gland.
•It consists of _____ and ______ which are embedded in the ________ of superficial fascia.
•It has fibrous strands known as ________ which ______.
•It is separated from the deep fascia covering the underlying muscles by a layer of _______ which forms the_______ . What is its Importance?
•non-capsulated
• lobes,lobules, subcutaneous fatty tissue
• ligaments of Astley Cooper, which connects skin with deep fascia of pectoralis major.
•loose areolar tissue, retromammary space.
• allows the breast to move freely
Ligament of Astley Cooper is a ____ strand that:
It is also called _____
•fibrous, connect the skin with deep fascia of pectoralis major
• suspensory ligament of Cooper
Concerning the breast:
It is formed of ___ – ___lobes.
•Each lobe is formed of a number of _____.
•The lobes and lobules are separated by ____ and ____, called ligaments of Cooper. (Importance)?
•It has from 15-20 _______ which open by the _______ of openings on the summit of the nipple.
•15-20
•lobules
•interlobar, interlobular fibrous and fatty tissue, these ligaments give the beast support by connecting the skin of the beasts to the pectoralis muscles below them
• lactiferous ducts, Same number
Arterial Supply of the Breast:
- Perforating branches of internal thoracic (internal mammary) artery.
- Mammary branches of lateral thoracic artery.
- Mammary branches of Intercostal arteries
Venous Drainage of the Breast:
• Veins are corresponding to the ____.
• Circular venous plexus are found at the base of ______.
•Finally, veins of this plexus drain into _____ & _______
•arteries
• nipple
•axillary& Internal thoracic veins.
______ plexus of venous drainage of the breast is found at the base of the nipple:
Circular Venous
Concerning the axillary lymph nodes:
They are arranged into _____ groups which lie in _____ :
•_____ (Anterior) group : which lies on the _____ along _______ vessels.
•______(Posterior) group : which lies on _____ wall of axilla on lower border of ______ along ______ vessels.
•______ (Lateral) group : lies on ____ wall of axilla along ____ part of ______ vessels.
•Central group : lies in ______ at the ____ of axilla.
•Apical group : lies at ____ of axilla.
•Subclavian lymph trunk:
•it is formed by union of _____ lymph vessels of ___ group. It usually opens in _____. On the ____ side it usually opens into thoracic duct.
• five, axillary fat
• pectoral, pectoralis minor, lateral thoracic
• subscapular, posterior wall, subscapularis , subscapular
•brachial, lateral, 3rd, axillary
•axillary fat,base
•apex
•efferent,apical, subclavian vein, left
Subareolar lymphatic plexus (of _____ ):
•Lies beneath the _____ .
•Deep lymphatic plexus:
•Lies on the deep fascia covering _______
•Both plexuses radiate in many directions and drain into different ______
•Sappey
• areola
•pectoralis major
•lymph nodes
Central & lateral parts of the gland (____%) drain into _____ group of axillary lymph nodes.
•_____ part of the gland drains into apical group of axillary lymph nodes.
•Medial part drains into _________ or ______ lymph nodes, forming a chain along the internal thoracic vessels.
•Some lymphatics from the _____ part of the gland pass across the front of sternum to anastomose with that of ______ side.
•Lymphatics from the inferomedial part anastomose with lymphatics of _______ and _____ and some vessels pass deeply to anastomose with the________.
• 75%, pectoral
• Upper
• Internal thoracic/parasternal
•medial
•opposite
•rectus sheath & linea alba,sub diaphragmatic lymphatics
Concerning breast cancer:
It is a common surgical condition.
•60% of carcinomas of breast occur in the ______quadrant.
•______ of lymph from the breast drains into the axillary lymph nodes.
•In case of carcinoma of one breast, the other breast and the opposite axillary lymph nodes are affected because ______
•In patients with localized cancer breast, a simple ______, followed by _______ to the axillary lymph nodes is the treatment of choice.
•upper lateral
•75%(the remaining 25% drain into the parasternal lymph nodes)
•of the anastomosing lymphatics between both breasts.
•mastectomy, radiotherapy
The lactiferous ducts are _____ arranged from the nipple, so incision of the gland should be made in a _____ to avoid cutting through the ducts.
•Infiltration of the ligaments of Cooper by breast cancer leads to its shortening giving _____
•radially, Radial direction
•peau de’orange appearance of the breast.
• Mammary ridge extends from the ____ to the ______.
•In human, the ridge disappears EXCEPT for a small part in the _______.
•In animals, several mammary glands are formed along ____.
• Axilla, inguinal region
•pectoral region
• this ridge
