Mammalian Tissues Flashcards
Epithelial
Covers all internal and external body surfaces. Ie skin epidermis, lining of digestive tract, respiratory, blood vessels, urogenital tract.
Connective tissue
Provide support and structure to body. Bone, blood, loose connective tissue (soft).
Muscular tissue
Contain contractile proteins; responsible for motility. Filled with actin and myosin. Cardiac muscles, skeletal muscles, smooth muscles.
Nervous Tissues
Rapid communication from one body region to another. Electrical impulse. Long structure - axon.
Peritoneum
The serous membrane lining the cavity of the abdomen and covering the abdominal organs. Epithelial tissue.
*Basement Membrane
Extracellular layer of fibrous material binding cells and epithelial cells.
Simple Epithelium
Single layer of epithelial cells.
Stratified Epithelium
Several epithelial cell layers.
Simple Columnar Epithelium
Long and tall cells.
Squamous Epithelium
Epithelium cells that are flattened. (lung)
Cuboidal Epithelium
Cells are a cubic shape. (urine)
Transitional Epithelial
Goes from one type of cell to another. (Epidermis of skin)
Gland
(Epithelial) Glands produce materials for use outside the cell (saliva)
Exocrine glands
DUCTS: Passage ways produced —-> used (sweat, salivary, pancreas, liver) Epithelial tissue.
Endocrine Glands
DUCTLESS- produce hormones and dump into circulatory system. (Adrenal glands, ovaries) Epithelial or nervous tissue.
Exocrine Gland Classification
Unicellular, simple multicellular, compound multicellular (branched in pancreas/liver ect.) Epithelial cells.
Lumen
Open space of the stomach.
Mucosas
Epithelia cells that produce mucus made of proteins and polysaccharides. Has brush border of microvilli (external up and down for large SA.)
Connective Tissue
Composed of isolated cells surrounded by a matrix.
Matrix
Connective tissue composed of fiber and ground substance (jelly like).
Connective Tissue Classifications
Proper (loose connective tissue or dense connective tissue.)
Loose Connective Tissue
Matrix is scattered fibers embedded in jelly like substance. Found in soft parts of the body (dermis, fatty tissue, internal organs). Has variety of cells- Structural (fibroblast) defensive (macrophages, leucocytes, mast cells) Sequestering (erythrocytes (red blood cell), adipose cell (fat cell) )
Leucocytes
White blood cells that make antibodies.
Mast Cells
Have granules with histamines for trauma affecting tissue. (bug bite)
Erythrocytes
Loose connective tissue. Sequestering red blood cell.
Collagen
Loose connective tissue, cartilage . Tough fiber, found in skin. (Pinch, rebound)
Adipose Cell
Loose connective tissue thats a fatty cell.
Elastin
Loose connective tissue with flexible fibers, found in blood vessels. (arteries expanding and contracting).
Reticulin
Loose connective tissue that forms supportive frarework.
Dense connective Tissue
Fibers are collagenous and densely packed.
Ligament
Dense connective Tissue that connects bone to bone.
Tendon
Dense connective Tissue that connects muscle to bone.
Irregular Connective tissue
Dense connective tissue that covers various internal organs (kidneys and heart) for strength, muscle, and nerves.
Special Connective Tissue
Muscle, Cartilage, Blood.
Bone
Spongy or compact special connective tissue. BONE IS A LIVING TISSUE.
Osteocytes
Individual cells that live within spaces (lacunae) in the bone separated by salts.
Osteon
Rings of osteocytes within lacunae. Spindle shaped elongated structure and broad in the middle tapered at both ends.
Haversian Canal
Center of osteon, containing blood vessels and nerves.
Cartilage
Consists of chondrocytes in lacunae. Matrix is glycoprotein and collagen. Rubbery material. (Nostril, ear, pinnae of ears, ends of long bones). In development skeleton is originally cartilage.
Blood
Special Connective tissue some are erythrocytes some leucocytes, platelets in blood.
Sarcoplasmic Reticulum
In muscle tissue which releases and absorb calcium during contraction and during relaxation.
Skeletal muscle
Striated (striped due to banding of actin myosin) made of several fibrous cells that are fused with multinucleate . Attached to bone. For motility under voluntary control.
Smooth Muscle
Uninucleate non banded in digestive, blood vessels, skin, iris that has non voluntary control.
Cardiac Muscle
Banded uninucleated branched cells found in the heart which connect via gap junctions with electric impulses not under voluntary control.
Intercalated Disks
Intercalated discs are microscopic identifying features of cardiac muscle. Cardiac muscle consists of individual heart muscle cells (cardiomyocytes) connected by intercalated discs Via gap junction to work as a single functional organ or syncytium.
Nerve Tissue
-electrical impulses
-neurons and neuralgia
Dendrite—>soma—>axon
-myelin sheath + node of Ranvier = increased rate via jumps
Saltatory motion
An electric impulse jumping due to nodes on ranvier and the myelin sheath.
