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Biology 122 > Chordata > Flashcards

Chordata Flashcards

Gold Packet Exam 3

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1
Q

Chordata

A

an animal of the large phylum Chordata, comprising the vertebrates together with the sea squirts and lancelets.

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2
Q

Four Characteristics of the Chordata

A

Notochord, hollow dorsal nerve, pharynx with gill slits, post-anal tail.

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3
Q

Notochord

A

Flexible but incompressible rod of tissue-stiffening structure-lost in development in “higher” vertebrates.

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4
Q

Hallow dorsal nerve chord

A

Runs from anterior to posterior of body, along upper midline of body.

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5
Q

Pharynx with gill slits

A

Pharynx anterior part.

  • Wall consists of gill slits between solid gill bars.
  • Often lost through development in “higher” vertebrates.
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6
Q

Post anal tail

A

Area of tissue behind the anus. Sometimes lost through development.

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7
Q

Subphyla Chordates

A

Cephalochordata, Urochordata, Vertebrata

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8
Q

Cephalochordata

A

Lancelets- fish without jaw and obvious organs. Most primitive chordates. Invertebrates.

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9
Q

Urochordata

A

Tunicates (sea squirts) - marine invertebrates. Adults have no notochord, nerve cord, or tail. Body covered in cellulose tunic, filter feed through pharynx.

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10
Q

Vertebrata

A

Vertebrates with central and peripheral nervous system. , one heart, kidneys for osmoregulation, a coelom, cephalization, .

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11
Q

Vertebrate axial

A

skull and vertebral column

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12
Q

Endocrine Glands

A

all vertebrates have these for hormones.

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13
Q

Vertebrates all have…

A

tail, vertebral column, skeleton, coelom, head, limbs, kidney, heart, jaws, liver, endocrine.

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14
Q

Tetrapod

A

a four-footed animal, especially a member of a group which includes all vertebrates higher than fishes. (Frog and up)

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15
Q

Jaws evolved from…

A

anterior gill arches/bars

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16
Q

Agnatha

A

Cylindrical, smooth, jawless, cartilaginous skeleton, notochord, simple fishes. (Hagfish and lampreys).

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17
Q

Chondrichthyes

A

(sharks) Torpedo or flattened, placoid scales, mouth behind anterior, jaws, cartilaginous skeleton, 5-7 pairs of gill slits, buoyancy via pectoral fin and oily liver.

18
Q

Lateral Line Organ and Electroreceptors

A

Found in Chondrichthyes for detecting vibrations in the water.

19
Q

Ampullae of Lorenzini

A

special sensing organs called electroreceptors, forming a network of jelly-filled pores.

20
Q

Actinopterygii

A

The bony fish-tall and torpedo shaped. Floats via the swim bladder with an anterior mouth. Gasses go from blood in and out of bladder.

21
Q

Gravid

A

pregnant, carrying eggs or young.

22
Q

Amphibia

A

Cylindrical or stout, gills to young, Skin is moist granular, for gas exchange, girdles, carnivorous, worldwide decline.

23
Q

Girdles

A

Amphibian- where legs attach. Pectoral (forelimbs) and pelvic (hind-limbs).

24
Q

Chytrid Fungus

A

an infectious disease that affects amphibians worldwide.

25
Q

Reptilia

A

Cylindrical body, lateral appendages, dry scaly skin, lungs, embryo gill slits, uric acid pee, herbivores and carnivores. Reptiles are a paraphyletic taxon.

26
Q

Reptilia Embryo

A

Amniotic egg (no water needed), membranes (amnion, chorion, allantois, yolk sac, egg membrane) yolk, albumin leathery shell. Proteins.

27
Q

Amnion

A

Keeps egg from drying out for reptiles.

28
Q

Chorion

A

Gas exchange for reptile eggs.

29
Q

Embryo

A

Baby reptile

30
Q

Allantois

A

waste disposal within a reptile egg.

31
Q

Yolk sac

A

Nutrient supply

32
Q

Albumin

A

Reptile egg part rich in nutrients, shock absorber.

33
Q

Aves

A

Birds- porous bones, reduced organs.

34
Q

Neotropical Birds

A

Migrate to central and south americas during the cold winters.

35
Q

Mammals

A

Pelage, mammary glands on the pecs, viviparous.

36
Q

Monotremata

A

Mammals that lay eggs

37
Q

Marsupial

A

Mammals with pouches

38
Q

Placentalia

A

Animals that have internal development.

39
Q

Cutaneous Respiration

A

Amphibians breath through their skin.

40
Q

Thoracic Breathing

A

Reptiles shallow breathing.

41
Q

Synapids

A

Holes behind reptiles heads.

42
Q

Archaeopteryx

A

the oldest fossil bird.

Biology 122 (5 decks)

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