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Vert- Mammal Final > Mammal Behavior and Reproduction > Flashcards

Mammal Behavior and Reproduction Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 types of mating systems of mammals?

A
  1. Monogamous
  2. Polygamous
  3. Promiscuous
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2
Q

List 5 characteristics/examples of monogamous relationships in mammals.

A
  1. One male, one female
  2. 2-4% of mammals
  3. Often monogamous bonding, but extra-pair copulations occur
  4. Females widely dispersed or parental care necessary
  5. California mouse mates for life
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3
Q

List 3 characteristics/examples of polygamous relationships in mammals.

A
  1. 1 male to multiple females or opposite
  2. Most common
  3. Female elk mate with several males each day of breeding season
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4
Q

List 2 characteristics/examples of promiscuous relationships in mammals.

A
  1. Individuals will mate with any member of the opposite sex
  2. Often not completely promiscuous - competition
  3. Snowshoe hares
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5
Q

What are the 3 senses for mate attraction?

A
  1. smell
  2. sounds
  3. sight
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6
Q

Describe the role of smell in mate attraction in mammals.

A
  • Scent glands, pheromones

- Especially in nocturnal species

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7
Q

What types of sounds are used in mate attraction in mammals?

A

Howling, bellowing, barking, roaring, squeaking

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8
Q

Name an example of sight used in mate attraction in mammals.

A

Antlers: sex recognition and quality determination

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9
Q

Name some examples of mammals that have no specific breeding season?

A

elephants
rhinos
giraffes
humans

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10
Q

Name 5 examples/characteristics of seasonal breeders in mammals.

A
  1. Breed at specific times of year
  2. Deer, small mammals
  3. Increase in photoperiod (small mammals)
  4. Quantity and quality of food - timing and litter size
  5. Pheromones can effect behavior
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11
Q

What is the time called from conception to birth? Name 2 examples/extremes.

A

Gestation time
Opossum: 12.5 days
Elephant: 24 months

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12
Q

Give 2 examples of extremes of liter sizes.

A

Meadow vole: 17 litters/year

Elephants: 1 per 4-5 years

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13
Q

What is delayed implantation? Give examples of mammals that have this.

A

Mate right after giving birth, but implantation doesn’t occur for months later.
Bears, seals, weasels, badgers

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14
Q

What is the period of time when a female mammal is holding a fertilized embryo, but development is suppressed? What is the benefit and an example of this?

A

Diapause: allows young to be born when the probability of survival is highest.
Kangaroos: can have embryo in diapause, joey in the pouch, and nursing young kangaroo out of the pouch.

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15
Q

What are the 2 types of growth and development of new born mammals?

A
  1. ovipary: develops in an egg

2. vivipary: develops inside the mother

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16
Q

List 2 examples of mammals that are oviparous, and characteristics of each.

A
  1. Duck-billed platypus: Australia, Tasmania
    - 2 eggs incubated 10-14 days
    - Born altricial: drink milk from pools on mother’s stomach
    - Leave burrow after 4 months
  2. Echidnas: New Guinea, Australia, Tasmania
    - Temporary breeding pouch
    - One egg: cloaca to pouch, milk pools in pouch
    - Young remain in pouch for 8 weeks after hatching
17
Q

Name 4 characteristics of vivipary/marsupial growth and development.

A
  1. Born super-altricial (tiny and undeveloped)
  2. Most of the body is mouth parts
  3. Immediately crawl into marsupium (pouch), attach to nipple
  4. No baby teeth, no teeth at all until finished suckling
18
Q

What do most mammals develop in?

A

Amniotic sac: usually ruptures before or during birth

19
Q

What are 4 characteristics/examples of different types of parental care in mammals?

A
  1. Duration ranges several weeks to several years
  2. Precocial: hares, cetaceans (marine), ungulates
  3. A 4 day old pronghorn can outrun a human
  4. Altricial: born hairless with eyes closed: small mammals
20
Q

Name 2 examples of the ranges of sexual maturity in mammals.

A

Female meadow voles: breed at 3 weeks

Elephants, gorillas, humans: 10-15 years

21
Q

What is the longest living bear?

A

Polar bear: 45 years

Grizzly: 39 years
Black: 31 years

Vert- Mammal Final (3 decks)

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