Malthus vs. Boserup - F. o. F. Flashcards

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1
Q

What was was the publication on which Malthusian theory was based and when was it published?

A
  • ‘Essays on the Principle of Population Growth’

- published 1798

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2
Q

What were the relationships Malthus identified as being associated with population growth and food supply growth?

A
  • Exponential population growth

- Linear food supply growth

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3
Q

What was Malthus’ main argument about population?

A
  • A population ceiling or limit to which the population could increase to
  • If it grew beyond that, people would have to starve
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4
Q

What were preventative checks and give two examples and where they were used?

A
  • Measures taken to prevent the population ceiling being breeched
  • eg. absence from sex and from marriage, used in China
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5
Q

What are positive checks, give two examples and give examples of where they occurred?

A
  • Consequences of breeching the population ceiling that takes the system towards equilibrium
  • eg lack of food, war, disease, occurred in Ireland (potato famine), Afghanistan conflict
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6
Q

Should Malthusian theory support modern contraception?

A
  • Yes as it is an example of a preventative check
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7
Q

What is Malthus’ view of food aid?

A
  • Unsustainable

- Artificial way of sustaining a population that has exceeded its population ceiling

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8
Q

According to Malthusian theory, what does optimum population relate to?

A
  • Access to resources

- Amount of resources

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9
Q

How did the industrial revolution impact global food security?

A
  • Caused rapid growth of agricultural production
  • Intensification regarding labour and capitol
  • Extension of farming
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10
Q

What is the well-known quote associated with Esther Boserup’s theory of food security?

A
  • ‘Necessity is the mother of all invention’
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11
Q

When was Boserup’s theory published?

A
  • 1965
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12
Q

What did Boserup’s theory argue?

A
  • Resources, knowledge and technology increase production
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13
Q

How did agricultural production increase pre-industrial revolution?

A
  • Population growth
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14
Q

Outline how Boserup came to her theory.

A
  • Examined land-use systems by intensity of production
  • Least-shifting cultivation - < 1 per century
  • Most multi cropping systems - > 1 per year
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15
Q

Give an example of multi cropping systems.

A
  • Cabbage and sweetcorn in the same field at the same time
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16
Q

What was the assumption Boserup made about her theory?

A
  • Knowledge and technology would be shared and accessible to all
17
Q

Where has Boserup’s theory failed to improve food security?

A
  • Ethiopia

- Large TNCs refuse to share tech with locals for the benefit of all

18
Q

Name six methods used to increase food production since 1800.

A
  • Drain marshlands
  • Reclaim land from sea
  • Cross-breeding cattle
  • GM crops
  • Terracing slopes
  • Greenhouses