Living with Volcanoes in Indonesia (IMPACTS) Case Study - H. E. Flashcards
Why is Indonesia prone to tectonic activity?
It is an archipelago straddling the Indo-Australian and Eurasian plates
How much of the population live within the area of a volcano?
75% live within 100km of a volcano that has erupted in the last 10,000 years
How many eruptions have occurred in Indonesia that have caused fatalities?
114
How many eruptions have occurred in Indonesia that have caused damage to infrastructure?
195
What are two similarities between Indonesia and Japan in relation to volcanism?
Much of their landscapes are dominated by volcanic peaks and their histories and cultures are closely tied to volcanoes
Which type of boundary is largely responsible for Indonesia’s landscape?
Subduction
What type of eruption is typical of volcanism in Indonesia?
Highly explosive
What is an example of a highly explosive eruption in Indonesia?
Krakatau in 1883, also generating a large tsunami
How great a percentage of eruption in Indonesia have occurred since 1900?
80%
What is the approximate dimensions of Merapi and what type of volcano is it?
3000m tall, a strato-volcano
When has Merapi erupted recently?
1994, 1997, 2001, 2006
How did each of Merapi’s eruptions between 1994 and 2006 progress?
A dome developed in the crater, which collapsed creating pyroclastic flows. Each was 3-4 VEI
Outline the hazards of the 2010 eruption of Merapi.
Pyroclastic flows travelled 4km north, 11.5km west, 7km east and 15km south; lava bombs were ejected 4km from the summit in all directions; lahars triggered by the start of the rainy season; ash falls caused the closure of the Yogyakarta airport; sulphur dioxide caused acid rain over a large range of the area
How many people were affected by the 2010 eruption of Merapi?
367 were killed, 277 were injured, 410,000 became refugees
What was the environmental impact of the 2010 Merapi eruption?
Large numbers of livestock were killed, 130 million m^3 of material (ash, pyroclastic flows) destroyed crops in region
