malocclusion epidemiology and etiology Flashcards
what are the limitations of Angle’s Classification of malocclusion?
- ant/post dental relationship only (no vertical/ transverse)
- no skeletal mal-relationships
- no soft tissue considerations (facial appearance)
- health related to airway not considered
the study of the dynamics of occurrence of a condition or trait in a population or group is defined as _______________.
epidemiology
what are the two major studies that serve as the basis for malocclusion study?
USPHS survey (1963, 1969, 1970), NHANES III (1989-2004)
which national malocclusion survey provided meaningful conclusions for the majority of the popultion?
NHANES III
when is a deviation from the normal occlusion termed malocclusion?
when it reaches a certain degree of severity (threshold)
Is malocclusion a disease? if not, what is it?
NOT a disease, but a spectrum representing biological variability/ diversity
is there a lot of evidence to support that malocclusion affects TMD?
NO
what percentage of the population has normal occlusion?
1/3
what percentage of the population has handicapped malocclusion?
5%
what are the 4 components/ spatial planes of malocclusion?
sagittal or anterior/posterior, vertical, transverse, intra-arch (crowding/ spacing)
what are the 5 NHANES III traits measured?
- irregularity index- intra-arch crowding
- midline diastema- intra-arch spacing
- posterior cross-bite- transverse plane
- overjet- anterior/posterior dimension
- overbite/ openbite- vertical dimension
little more than ______% of the population surveyed had little or no crowding (irregularity), but about _____% exhibited severe to extreme crowding in the _________ age group
50, 6-8, younger
irregularity ______ (inc/ dec) between childhood and youth, was ________ (stable/unstable) between youth and adult age groups, but mandibular crowding increased due to ________________.
increased, stable, continued growth of the mandible
_____% of population had maxillary midline diastemas in the 8-11 age group, which ______________ (inc/ dec) to _____% in later age groups.
26, decreased, 6
mild class II _______ (inc/dec) while mild class III ______ (inc/dec) from childhood to adolescence due to________.
decreases, increases, differential jaw growth during adolescent growth spurt
we discussed ethnic differences mainly in the_____________ dimension
anterior/posterior
increased overjet is typically seen in which ethnic group?
european
increased class III is typically seen in which ethnic group?
hispanic and AA and east asian
anterior open bites are more often seen in which ethnic group?
AA
anterior deep bites are more common in which ethnic group?
european
class I malocclusions were present in _____% of the population.
50-55
____% of the population had class II malocclusions.
15-20
____% of the population had class III malocclusions
less than 1
