Malnutrition and malabsorption

Question 1

Malnutrition =

Answer 1

Insufficient dietary intake to meet metabolic requirements

Question 2

Malabsorption =

Answer 2

Disorder of the digestive tract resulting in the inability to utilise an appropriate dietary intake.

Question 3

Example of malnutrition in developing world:

Answer 3

Kwashiorkor

Marasumus

Question 4

Kwarshiorkor -

Answer 4

Protein lack

Question 5

Marasumus

Answer 5

Total dietary lack/caloric

Question 6

Symptoms and marasmus =

Answer 6

Growth failure
Oedema
Apathy
Muscle wasting
Diarrhoea
Hepatomegaly
Anaemia
Stomatitis

Question 7

Stomatitis =

Answer 7

Inflammation of moth and lips

Question 8

Common causes of malnutrition in developing world =

Answer 8

Anorexia
Neglect
Dysphagia
Increased metabolic demand
Specific nutrient - alcohol, pregnancy, menses, diet

Question 9

Anorexia =

Answer 9

Suppression of appetite

Question 10

What causes anorexia?

Answer 10

Anorexia nervosa
Malignancy
Infection/inflammation

Question 11

Ex of neglect:

Answer 11

Hospitalisation
Elderly (tea and toast diet)
Neurological disease

Question 12

Ex of increased metabolic demand leading to malnutrition =

Answer 12

Thyrotoxicosis

Question 13

Fe deficiency can be cause by =

Answer 13

Menses

Vegetarians

Question 14

Fe deficiency can cause

Answer 14

Microcytic hypochromic anaemia

Question 15

B1

Answer 15

Thiamine

Question 16

B2

Answer 16

Riboflavin

Question 17

Who can have B deficiencies?

Answer 17

Alcoholics

Question 18

Are B vitamins water or fat soluble?

Answer 18

Water

Question 19

B6

Answer 19

Pyridoxine

Question 20

B1 deficiency =

Answer 20

Cardiomyopathy and encephalopathy

Question 21

B2 deficiency =

Answer 21

somatitis

Question 22

B3 =

Answer 22

Niacin

Question 23

B3 deficiency

Answer 23

Pellagra

Question 24

B6 deficiency

Answer 24

Neuropathy

Question 25

B12

Answer 25

Colbalamine

Question 26

B12 decifiency =

Answer 26

Macrocytic anaemia Neuropathy Ataxia Dementia

Question 27

Folic acid deficiency =

Answer 27

Megalolastic anaemia | NTD

Question 28

Vitamin D deficiency

Answer 28

Osteomalacia

Question 29

Vitamin C deficiency

Answer 29

Scurvy

Question 30

Vitamin K deficiency

Answer 30

Coagulopathy

Question 31

Vitamin K deficiency can be due to

Answer 31

Alcohol

Question 32

B5

Answer 32

Pantothenic acid

Question 33

B7

Answer 33

Biotin

Question 34

B9

Answer 34

Folate

Question 35

Chylomicrons enter what via what

Answer 35

Subclavian vein via thoracic duct

Question 36

What 2 things can the liver produce for fat metabolism

Answer 36

vLDL | HDL

Question 37

HDL =

Answer 37

Picks up cholesterol from cells

Question 38

vLDL =

Answer 38

Deposits fatty acids to cells

Question 39

What liberates fatty acids from vLDL

Answer 39

Lipoprotein lipase

Question 40

vLDL becomes what when it comes into contact with lipase

Answer 40

IDL

Question 41

LDL

Answer 41

Depositis cholesterol

Question 42

Excess cholesterol can be lost via

Answer 42

Bile

Question 43

Fat soluble vitamins =

Answer 43

ADEK

Question 44

What cell secretes intrinsic factor?

Answer 44

Parietal cells

Question 45

What secretes HCl

Answer 45

Parietal cells

Question 46

Cheif cells secrete

Answer 46

Pepsinogen

Question 47

Gastrin

Answer 47

Motility | Hcl secretion via histamine

Question 48

What secretes histamine

Answer 48

Enterochromaffin like cells

Question 49

Which histamine receptors are found in the GI tract?

Answer 49

H4

Question 50

BIlliary tree -

Answer 50

Right and left hepatic ducts join cystic duct t form common bile duct. This joint pancreatic duct

Question 51

Diseases of the small bowel leading to malabsorption can be

Answer 51

Luminal Mucosal Post mucosal

Question 52

Luminal diseases of the small bowel

Answer 52

Infection | Bacterial overgrowth

Question 53

What should be remembered in the returing traveller for luminal disease?

Answer 53

Giardiasis

Question 54

Characteristic finding in bacterial overgrowth =

Answer 54

Abnormal H breath test High folate Low B12

Question 55

Deficiency common in coeliac =

Answer 55

Fe Folate B12 Ca

Question 56

Deficiency in terminal ileal surgery =

Answer 56

Bile salt | B12

Question 57

Post-mucosal causes of malabsorption

Answer 57

Lymphangiestasia - dilated lymphatic vessels

Question 58

Obstructed biliary drainage can be

Answer 58

Intrahepatic | Extrahepatic

Question 59

Disease of the biliary tree can cause malabsorption of what vitamins?

Answer 59

ADEK

Question 60

ADEK malabsoption symptoms

Answer 60

Coagulopathy Osteromalacia Ataxia Night blindness, xerophthalmia

Question 61

How to investigate biliary tree disease

Answer 61

ERCP scope

Question 62

ERCP scope

Answer 62

Endoscopic retrograde choliangio-pancreaticography