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Gastrointestinal pathology > Malnutrition and malabsorption > Flashcards

Malnutrition and malabsorption Flashcards

1
Q

Malnutrition =

A

Insufficient dietary intake to meet metabolic requirements

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2
Q

Malabsorption =

A

Disorder of the digestive tract resulting in the inability to utilise an appropriate dietary intake.

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3
Q

Example of malnutrition in developing world:

A

Kwashiorkor

Marasumus

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4
Q

Kwarshiorkor -

A

Protein lack

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5
Q

Marasumus

A

Total dietary lack/caloric

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6
Q

Symptoms and marasmus =

A 
Growth failure
Oedema
Apathy
Muscle wasting
Diarrhoea
Hepatomegaly
Anaemia
Stomatitis
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7
Q

Stomatitis =

A

Inflammation of moth and lips

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8
Q

Common causes of malnutrition in developing world =

A 
Anorexia
Neglect
Dysphagia
Increased metabolic demand
Specific nutrient - alcohol, pregnancy, menses, diet
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9
Q

Anorexia =

A

Suppression of appetite

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10
Q

What causes anorexia?

A

Anorexia nervosa
Malignancy
Infection/inflammation

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11
Q

Ex of neglect:

A

Hospitalisation
Elderly (tea and toast diet)
Neurological disease

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12
Q

Ex of increased metabolic demand leading to malnutrition =

A

Thyrotoxicosis

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13
Q

Fe deficiency can be cause by =

A

Menses

Vegetarians

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14
Q

Fe deficiency can cause

A

Microcytic hypochromic anaemia

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15
Q

B1

A

Thiamine

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16
Q

B2

A

Riboflavin

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17
Q

Who can have B deficiencies?

A

Alcoholics

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18
Q

Are B vitamins water or fat soluble?

A

Water

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19
Q

B6

A

Pyridoxine

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20
Q

B1 deficiency =

A

Cardiomyopathy and encephalopathy

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21
Q

B2 deficiency =

A

somatitis

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22
Q

B3 =

A

Niacin

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23
Q

B3 deficiency

A

Pellagra

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24
Q

B6 deficiency

A

Neuropathy

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25
Q

B12

A

Colbalamine

26
Q

B12 decifiency =

A

Macrocytic anaemia
Neuropathy
Ataxia
Dementia

27
Q

Folic acid deficiency =

A

Megalolastic anaemia

NTD

28
Q

Vitamin D deficiency

A

Osteomalacia

29
Q

Vitamin C deficiency

30
Q

Vitamin K deficiency

A

Coagulopathy

31
Q

Vitamin K deficiency can be due to

32
Q

B5

A

Pantothenic acid

33
Q

B7

34
Q

B9

35
Q

Chylomicrons enter what via what

A

Subclavian vein via thoracic duct

36
Q

What 2 things can the liver produce for fat metabolism

37
Q

HDL =

A

Picks up cholesterol from cells

38
Q

vLDL =

A

Deposits fatty acids to cells

39
Q

What liberates fatty acids from vLDL

A

Lipoprotein lipase

40
Q

vLDL becomes what when it comes into contact with lipase

41
Q

LDL

A

Depositis cholesterol

42
Q

Excess cholesterol can be lost via

43
Q

Fat soluble vitamins =

44
Q

What cell secretes intrinsic factor?

A

Parietal cells

45
Q

What secretes HCl

A

Parietal cells

46
Q

Cheif cells secrete

A

Pepsinogen

47
Q

Gastrin

A

Motility

Hcl secretion via histamine

48
Q

What secretes histamine

A

Enterochromaffin like cells

49
Q

Which histamine receptors are found in the GI tract?

50
Q

BIlliary tree -

A

Right and left hepatic ducts join cystic duct t form common bile duct. This joint pancreatic duct

51
Q

Diseases of the small bowel leading to malabsorption can be

A

Luminal
Mucosal
Post mucosal

52
Q

Luminal diseases of the small bowel

A

Infection

Bacterial overgrowth

53
Q

What should be remembered in the returing traveller for luminal disease?

A

Giardiasis

54
Q

Characteristic finding in bacterial overgrowth =

A

Abnormal H breath test
High folate
Low B12

55
Q

Deficiency common in coeliac =

A

Fe
Folate
B12
Ca

56
Q

Deficiency in terminal ileal surgery =

A

Bile salt

B12

57
Q

Post-mucosal causes of malabsorption

A

Lymphangiestasia - dilated lymphatic vessels

58
Q

Obstructed biliary drainage can be

A

Intrahepatic

Extrahepatic

59
Q

Disease of the biliary tree can cause malabsorption of what vitamins?

60
Q

ADEK malabsoption symptoms

A

Coagulopathy
Osteromalacia
Ataxia
Night blindness, xerophthalmia

61
Q

How to investigate biliary tree disease

A

ERCP scope

62
Q

ERCP scope

A

Endoscopic retrograde choliangio-pancreaticography

Gastrointestinal pathology (6 decks)

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