Malnutrition

Question 1

malnutrition

Answer 1

malnutrition- nutrition disbalnce (under/over-nutrition)
-lack of either macronutrients (calories) or micronutrients (vitamins & minerals)
Undernutrition- inadequate consumption of macronutrients

Question 2

Protein-Energy Malnutrition

Answer 2

Protein-Energy Malnutrition-
The three common forms of protein-energy malnutrition are marasmus, kwashiorkor, and a mixed form called marasmic kwashiorkor.

Question 3

Marasmus

Answer 3

Marasmus is severe nonedematous malnutrition caused by a mixed deficiency of both protein and calories. Serum protein and albumin levels are usually normal, but there is a marked decrease in muscle mass and adipose tissue. Signs are similar to those noted in hypothyroid children, with cold intolerance, listlessness, thin sparse hair, dry skin with decreased turgor, and hypotonia. Diarrhea, anorexia, vomiting

Question 4

Kwashiorkor

Answer 4

Kwashiorkor is edematous malnutrition as a result of low serum oncotic pressure. The low serum proteins result from a disproportionately low protein intake compared with the overall caloric intake. These children appear replete or fat, but they have dependent edema, hyperkeratosis, and atrophic hair and skin.

Question 5

intrauterine growth retardation(IUGR)

& etiology

Answer 5

intrauterine growth retardation- now called intrauterine growth restriction
- a foetus with

Question 6

evaluation of IUGR (degree’s)

Answer 6

Ratio of mass(g) to body length (cm)

standard- 60-80

degrees:
1^ IUGR-55-59
2^ IUGR-51-54
3^ IUGR-

Question 7

evaluation of postnatal hypotrophy

Answer 7

(norm 10,5)

1 degree - 10-20%
2 degree - 20-30%
3 degree - >30%

Question 8

Physiological & Pathological Regurgitation

Answer 8

Physiological

• not abundant
• Within 2 hours after feeding
• First 6 months.
• Not more often 4-6 times a day

Pathological

• abundant
• Later than 2 hours after feeding
• After 6 months.
• More than 6 times a day

Question 9

Correction/ Management of reflux

Answer 9

• Positional
• Dietary (antireflux mix - Nutrilon antireflyuks)
• Prokinetics (procaine, motilium) -Neurotrophic therapy

Question 10

Causes of death in PEM

Answer 10

I. hypoglycemia
II. hypothermia
III. infection
IV. dehydration
V. hypopotassemia