malingering, deception, and psychopathy Flashcards
what is one of the most well known techniques to detect deception?
polygraph
what does the polygraph record?
an individual’s autonomic nervous system responses (breathing, sweat, heart rate)
under which circumstances a polygraph is used in canada?
- victims
- insurance claims
- suspects
what is the comparison question test?
- it included questions that are unrelated to the crime, relevant questions concerning the crime being investigated, and comparison questions concerning the person’s honesty and past history prior to the the event being investigated
- pretest interview: control questions
what is the concealed information test?
- designed to determine if a person knows details about a crime
- asking mcq with only one right answer (critical option) and suspect displays a larger physiological response to the correct answer
why are polygraph test results not admissable in court?
the polygraph may cause jurors to weigh polygraph evidence more than it deserves when determining the verdict
why are most people not good at detecting deception?
- ppl rely on behaviors that lack predictive validity (gaze aversion, fidgeting)
- most ppl have a truth bias (tendency to judge more messages as truthful than deceptive)
- there are only small differences btwn liars and truthers
in which ways do the accuracy of the comparison question test and the concealed information test differ
- the CQT is better at identifying guilty suspects
- the CIT is better at identifying innocent suspects
what are some other techniques to detect deception?
- event-related brain potentials (mesure brain activity)
- verbal cues (pitch, pauses, errors)
- non-verbal cues (fidgeting, gaze aversion)
- hypnosis
how can you beat the polygraph
by using countermesures
name a group that detects deception at a better rate than others
secret service agents
what is factitious disorder?
- disorder in which the person’s physical/psychological symptoms are intentionally produced and are adopted to assume the role of a sick person
- absence of external incentives
what is somatoform/conversion disorder
- physical symptoms that are not intentionally produced suggests an illness, but doctors cannot find anything
what is malingering?
- intentionally faking psychological/physical symptoms for some type of external gain (like avoid standing trial, less severe jail, avoid military conscription)
name the three explanatory models of malingering
- pathologic model
- criminological model
- adaptational model
what are some cues to malingering psychosis?
- suspicious hallucinations/delusions
- presence of a partner in the crime
- understandable motive for committing crime
- absence of any subtle signs of psychosis
what are the two types of (malingering) amnesia?
- retrograde (lost old memories)
- anterograde (can’t make new memories)
what is psychopathy?
a personality disorder defined by a collection of interpersonal, affective, and behavioural caracs like manipulation, lack of remorse, and antisocial behaviour
what is antisocial personality disorder
caracterized by a history of behavior in which the rights of others are violated
what is sociopathy?
a label used to describe a person whose psychopathc traits are assumed to be due to environmental factors
what is the main assessment tool for psychopathy?
psychopathy ckecklist revised
what are the two factors of psychopathy
- interpersonal and affective traits
- unstable and socially deviant traits
what are the advantages od self reported mesures of psychopathy?
- easy to administer, not to expensive
- mesure emotions that cannot be easily observed
- can detect faking
what are some of the disadvantages of self-reported mesures of psychopathy?
- psychopaths often lie
- may have insufficient insight into their own traits
- do not experience certain emotios resulting in difficulty reporting them
what are some traits of subclinical psychopaths (show some traits but not full fledged)
- detecting vulnerable victims
- defrauding a lottery
- cheating on exams
- owning vicious dogs
why do psychopaths not meet the insanity defense
because they know the difference from right and wrong
what is adversarial allegiance?
- tendency for forensic experts to be biased towards those who hired them
- pcl-r scores provided by the prosecution are higher than those of the defense
what are some commons behaviours of psychopaths in the interrogation room?
- try to outwit the interrogator
- enjoy being the focus of attention
- will not be fooled by bluffs
what are some suggestions for interviewing psychopaths
- be familiar with the case
- create atmosphere of authority
- show liking/admiration
- avoid criticism
psychopathic violence is more likely to be…
- predatory
- calculated
- not reactive in nature
- targeted at strangers
