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OPath II - Soft Tissue Lesions > Malignant Soft Tissue Tumors > Flashcards

Malignant Soft Tissue Tumors Flashcards

1
Q

What is a fibrosarcoma?

A

Malignant tumor of fibroblasts

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2
Q

Histopathologic appearance of fibrosarcoma?

A

Cellular mass of spindle shaped cells demonstrating mild pleomorphism

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3
Q

Tx for fibrosarcoma

A

Surgical excision including a wide margin of adjacent normal tissue

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4
Q

What is a liposarcoma?

A

Malignant neoplasm of fatty origin

Most common soft tissue sarcoma

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5
Q

What are the most common sites of lipsarcomas?

A

Thigh, retroperitoneum and iguinal regions

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6
Q

How common are the liposarcomas of the head and neck?

A

rare

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7
Q

What are the 3 major categories of liposarcoma?

A

3 major categories:

  1. well-differentiated/atypical lipomatous tumor (most common)
  2. myxoid/round cell liposarcoma
  3. pleomorphic liposarcoma
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8
Q

Tx for liposarcoma

A

Radical excision - tx of choice

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9
Q

Survival rates for liposarcoma?

A

5 year survival rate = 59-70%

10 year survival = 50%

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10
Q

Recurrence of liposarcoma?

A

~50%

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11
Q

Oral liposarcoma prognosis

A

More favorable because of the predominance of well differentiated subtypes and because tumors are small and diagnosed

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12
Q

What other disease is often seen with malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor?

A

Half seen in NF-1 (neurofibromatosis)

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13
Q

Tx for malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor

A

Radical surgical excision

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14
Q

Prognosis of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor

A

Poor especially in patients with neurofibromatosis

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15
Q

What is Kaposi’s sarcoma?

A

Vascular neoplasm caused by HHV8 and KSHV

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16
Q

Kaposi’s sarcoma has the propensity to develop in what patients?

A

HIV

17
Q

What cell lineage does Kaposi’s sarcoma lesions mosty likely arise from?

A

Lesions most likely arise in endothelial cells although there is some evidence of lymphatic origin

18
Q

What is leiomyosarcoma?

A

malignant neoplasm of smooth muscle differentiation

19
Q

What is the most common site of leiomyosarcoma?

A

uterine wall and GI tract

20
Q

How often do leiomyosarcomas occur in the oral cavity?

A

rare

21
Q

What is a rhabdomyosarcoma?

A

Malignant neoplasm characterized by skeletal muscle differentiation

22
Q

What is the most frequnt site of rhabdomyosarcoma?

A

head and neck

23
Q

Is rhabdomyosarcoma more frequent in young chilren or adults?

A

young children

Primarily occurs in the first decade of life but may occur in teens

24
Q

Clinical presentation of the rhabdomyosarcoma tumor

A

Tumor is most often a painless infiltrative mass that may grow rapidly

25
Q

Tx for rhabdomyosarcoma

A

local surgical excision followed by multiagent chemotherapy

26
Q

Prognosis of rhabdomyosarcoma

A

with the advent of multimodal therapy, prognosis has improved

27
Q

How common are metastatic tumors to the oral cavity?

A

Uncommon

28
Q

What tissues can metastasis to the oral cavity affect?

A

bone or soft tissues

29
Q

What is the mechanism of metastatic spread to the head and neck?

A

primary malignancies from immediately adjacent tissues might be able to spread by a lymphatic route

Batson’s plexus

  • explanation for blood-borne metastasis to the head and neck
  • valve-less verterbral venous plexus that might allow retrograde spread of tumor cells, bypassing filtration through the lungs
30
Q

What is the most common site for soft tissue metastases in the oral cavity?

A

gingiva, followed by the tongue

31
Q

What is the clinical appearance of metastatic lesions in the oral cavity?

A

Lesions usually appear as a nodular mass that oftne resembles a hyperplastic or reactive growth

32
Q

How can a metastatic lesion to the oral cavity affect adjacent teeth?

A

Adjacent teeth may be loosened by an underlying destruction of alveolar bone

33
Q

How does the presence of teeth direct location of the metastatic lesion in the oral cavity?

A

Presence of teeth may plan an important role in the preference of metastases for the gingiva

34
Q

How does the oral cavity affect malignant cell growth when there is metastases to the oral cavity?

A

Once malignant cells reach the oral cavity, the rich
vascular network of inflamed gingival tissues may
serve as a fertile site for further growth

35
Q

What are the most common sources for metastasis to the oral cavity?

A

Lung

Kidney

Melanoma

Prostate

Breast

36
Q

Prognosis of metastatic lesions to the oral cavity?

A

GEnerally poor because other metastatic sites are also present

37
Q

Management of metastatic oral lesion?

A

palliative

OPath II - Soft Tissue Lesions (8 decks)

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