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Gyne > Malignant Cervix > Flashcards

Malignant Cervix Flashcards

1
Q

What population is primarily affected by urethral caruncles?

A

Postmenopausal and premenarchal females

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2
Q

What causes urethral caruncles to develop?

A

Decreased estrogen leading to ectropion of the posterior urethral wall

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3
Q

What histological features are seen in urethral caruncles?

A

Transitional and stratified squamous epithelium with loose connective tissue and large dilated veins

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4
Q

What symptoms are associated with urethral caruncles?

A

Dysuria, frequency, urgency, and point tenderness

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5
Q

How are small asymptomatic urethral caruncles managed?

A

No treatment is necessary

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6
Q

Where do Bartholin glands open into?

A

Vulvar vestibule at 5 and 7 o’clock positions

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7
Q

What is the estimated lifetime risk of Bartholin duct cysts?

A

Approximately 2%

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8
Q

How are non-inflamed Bartholin duct cysts treated?

A

They do not require treatment unless causing discomfort

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9
Q

What type of epithelium lines Skene duct cysts?

A

Non-specific epithelium, typically cuboidal

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10
Q

What is the most common benign vulvar lesion?

A

Epidermal cyst (epidermoid cyst)

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11
Q

What are common characteristics of epidermal cysts?

A

Firm, nontender, slow-growing, located in hair-bearing areas

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12
Q

What is the second most common malignancy arising in the vulva?

A

Melanoma

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13
Q

What is the typical age for vulvar melanoma diagnosis?

A

Around 68 years

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14
Q

What percentage of malignant melanomas arise from a preexisting nevus?

A

0.5

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15
Q

What are ABCD characteristics of malignant melanoma?

A

Asymmetry, Border irregularity, Color variegation, Diameter >6mm

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16
Q

What type of hemangioma is commonly identified during childhood?

A

Strawberry hemangioma

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17
Q

What type of angioma occurs in postmenopausal women and is <3mm in diameter?

A

Senile or cherry angiomas

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18
Q

What is the classic symptom of vulvar endometriosis?

A

Cyclic pain associated with menstrual periods

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19
Q

What are common sites for vulvar endometriosis?

A

Old obstetric lacerations or episiotomy sites

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20
Q

What is the most common gynecologic symptom in women?

A

Pruritus

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21
Q

What is the classic skin change associated with lichen sclerosis?

A

White, thickened skin with atrophy

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22
Q

What are the three types of lichen planus affecting the vulva?

A

Erosive, classical, and hypertrophic

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23
Q

What is a common histological finding in lichen planus?

A

Degeneration of basal cell layer with lymphocytic infiltration

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24
Q

What is vulvodynia?

A

Vulvar discomfort described as burning pain without visible findings

25
Q

What are common symptoms of vulvar pain syndromes?

A

Burning pain, dyspareunia, dysuria, itching

26
Q

What is the primary cause of vulvar candidiasis?

A

Infection by Candida species, especially Candida albicans

27
Q

What are key risk factors for vulvar candidiasis?

A

Diabetes, antibiotics use, immunosuppression, high estrogen levels

28
Q

What is the most common benign solid tumor of the vulva?

A

Fibroma

29
Q

Where are vulvar lipomas most commonly located?

A

Periclitorally or within labia majora

30
Q

What anatomical structure does the Bartholin gland drain into?

A

The vulvar vestibule

31
Q

What are common symptoms of Bartholin gland abscess?

A

Pain, tenderness, swelling in the vulva

32
Q

Which type of vulvar cyst is most likely to be mistaken for a cystocele?

A

Gartner duct cyst

33
Q

What is the first-line treatment for mild vulvar psoriasis?

A

1% hydrocortisone cream

34
Q

Which medication can be used for refractory lichen planus?

A

Methotrexate or oral retinoids

35
Q

What is the recommended treatment for large, symptomatic hemangiomas?

A

Cryosurgery, sclerotherapy, or laser therapy

36
Q

What histological feature distinguishes granula cell myoblastoma?

A

Large, round cells with indistinct borders and pink-staining cytoplasm

37
Q

What histological feature is common in vulvar fibromas?

A

Smooth surface, distinct contour, gray-white on cut surface

38
Q

What are common differential diagnoses for a pigmented vulvar lesion?

A

Malignant melanoma, hemangioma, endometriosis, vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia

39
Q

Define a urethral diverticulum.

A

An epithelialized saclike projection from the posterior urethra

40
Q

What is the ‘three D’s’ symptom triad associated with urethral diverticulum?

A

Dysuria, dyspareunia, dribbling of urine

41
Q

What is the primary differential diagnosis for vulvar pruritus?

A

Infections, STDs, specific dermatoses, atrophy, systemic diseases

42
Q

Which condition can cause a rebound pruritus after steroid therapy?

A

Contact dermatitis

43
Q

Which imaging method has 100% sensitivity for diagnosing urethral diverticulum?

A

MRI

44
Q

What diagnostic tests are helpful for detecting urethral diverticulum?

A

Voiding cystourethrography and cystourethroscopy

45
Q

What are vulvar varicosities, and when do they typically regress?

A

Vulvar vein dilation, often regressing postpartum

46
Q

How is vulvodynia diagnosed?

A

By excluding other treatable causes of vulvar pain

47
Q

What test is used to assess pain sensitivity in vulvar pain syndrome?

A

Cotton swab test

48
Q

What are common symptoms of Bechet disease?

A

Oral aphthous ulcers, genital aphthous ulcers, uveitis

49
Q

Which condition may present with a painful, foul-smelling discharge?

A

Hiradenitis Suppurativa

50
Q

What are common causes of vulvar edema?

A

Inflammation, lymphatic blockage, trauma, systemic disease

51
Q

What is the management for vulvar hematomas larger than 10 cm?

A

Operative therapy to control bleeding

52
Q

What is the most common cause of trauma to the lower genital tract in adults?

A

Coital injuries

53
Q

What symptoms are typical of a vaginal laceration from coitus?

A

Profuse bleeding, sharp pain, persistent abdominal pain

54
Q

What is the typical treatment for symptomatic vulvar varicosities?

A

Sclerotherapy

55
Q

What are characteristic features of a pyogenic granuloma?

A

Small nodule, pedunculated, pinched-in base

56
Q

How can a ‘forgotten’ tampon be safely removed?

A

Using a double-glove technique

57
Q

What is the primary symptom of vulvar contact dermatitis?

A

Intense itching with burning or stinging sensation

58
Q

What is a common misdiagnosis for vulvar psoriasis?

A

Cutaneous candidiasis, seborrheic dermatitis, eczema

59
Q

What condition presents as erythematous, edematous patches with non-adherent scales?

A

Seborrheic dermatitis

Gyne (4 decks)

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