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Haematology > Malignancy > Flashcards

Malignancy Flashcards

1
Q

Proliferation of abnormal progenitors

with block in differentiation/maturation

A

Acute leukaemia

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2
Q

Proliferation of abnormal progenitors,

but NO differentiation/maturation block

A

Chronic myeloproliferative disorders/neoplasm (MPN)

e.g. chronic myeloid leukaemia

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3
Q

Normal vs malignant haemopeoisis.

Polyclonal or monoclonal?

A

Normal = polyclonal

Malignant = monoclonal

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4
Q

Lymphoblastic vs lymphocytic

A

Lymphoblastic = more primitive cells
Lymphocytic = more mature cells

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5
Q

All malignancies of haemopoietic and lymphoid systems

A

Acute lymphoblastic leukaemia: blood/marrow involving primitive, lymphoid malignancy
Acute myeloid leukaemia: blood/marrow involving, primitive, myeloid malignancy
Chronic lymphocytic leukaemia*: blood/marrow involving, less primitive, lymphoid malignancy
High grade B/T cell (non Hodgkin) lymphoma: nodal, lymphoid malignancy, less primitive, clinically aggressive
Low grade B cell (non Hodgkin) lymphoma: nodal, lymphoid malignancy, less primitive, clinically less aggressive
Hodgkin lymphoma: nodal, lymphoid malignancy, less primitive, less aggressive
Myeloma – plasma cell malignancy usually, not exclusively, in the bone marrow
Chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms disorders: primitive, myeloid compartment, maturation preserved (e.g. chronic myeloid leukaemia)

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6
Q

Introduction to leukaemias:
https://mbchb.dundee.ac.uk/mod/systemweek/activity.php?cmid=5303&aid=1559

A
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7
Q

Blood cancer in lymph node =

A

LYMPHOMA

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8
Q

Non-tender, hard, irregular, mobile lymph node

Lymphoma or metastatic carcinoma?

A

Metastatic carcinoma

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9
Q

Non-tender, rubbery/soft, smooth, immobile lymph node

Lymphoma or metastatic carcinoma?

A

Lymphoma

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10
Q

Lymphoma investigation

A

Large biopsy/core biopsy

(ideally whole node, need a big sample to assess architecture of the lesion)

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11
Q

Methods of assessing lymph node pathology

A
  • Histology-microscopic appearances.
  • Immunohistochemistry of solid node.
  • Immunophenotyping of blood/marrow.
  • Genetic analysis.
  • Molecular analysis.
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12
Q

B cell lymphoma

A

CD20

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13
Q

Hodgkin’s lymphoma

A

CD30 (Reed-Sternberg)

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14
Q

When is immunophenotyping used?

A

V useful in leukaemias, and in lymphomas involving marrow e.g., Burkitt’s Lymphoma.

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15
Q

Causes of a leucoerythroblastic film

A
  • Reactive (sepsis)
  • Marrow infiltration
  • Myelofibrosis
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16
Q

Ann-Arbor staging (be roughly aware of it)

A

Stage I involves one lymph node area or extra-lymph node area
II involves 2 or more, on one side of the diaphragm
III involves 2 or more on both sides of the diaphragm
IV disseminated or multiple extra nodal area (including bone marrow)

17
Q

Which leukaemias infiltrate lymph nodes?

A

CLL, commonly
ALL, less commonly,
AML, rarely

18
Q

JAK2 mutation =

A

Myeloproliferative disorders - … ___ finish

19
Q

What test distinguishes between lymphocytic and myeloid leukaemia?

A

Immunophenotyping

20
Q

Antigen which shows myeloid cells

A

Myeloperoxidase

21
Q

Antigens which show lymphoid cells

A

CD19 (B)
CD20 (B)
CD3 (T)

22
Q

Primitive antigens

A

CD34 - stem cells
TDT - enzyme in primitive lymphoid cells

23
Q

Pancytopaenic, easy bruising, prolonged PT

A
24
Q

Vitamin K deficiency blood results:

A
25
Q

Which organism is most likely to cause death within hours in acute leukaemia?

A

Gram-negative bacillus

  • causes endotoxic/septic shock
26
Q

Lymph node enlarged + blood count + no lymph biopsy =

A

Probably CLL

In exam, lymph node biopsy needed for lymphoma diagnosis

27
Q

How to confirm CLL diagnosis?

A

Immunophenotyping

28
Q

How to treat asymptomatic CLL

A

‘Watch and wait’

29
Q

Age of presentation for Fanconi’s anaemia

A

7

30
Q
A

Haematology (12 decks)

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