Mali Flashcards
Why is intervention needed in Mali
Tuareg rebellion in North and East desire to reunite tribal lands under name “Azawad”
2012 - Tuareg fighters created National movement for the liberation of Azawad. This group is linked to Al-Qaeda
Without intervention Mali could collapse
What groups are involved in Mali
France
UN stabilisation groups like MINUSMA,ECOWAS NGOS like psi
and Care Solidarities international
MINUSMA details
Established by Un security council in 2013
12,000 troops
>1000 police by November 2021
What is Malis HDI
0.427
Mali GDP/capita
890 USD
Mali life expectancy
59
Mali literacy rate
35 percent
ECOWAS and African Union involvement in Mali
Involved in mediation and returning power to civilian administration However may be motivated by increasing their own power
Main success of UN in Mali
Helped peace deal between Tuareg and government in 2015
More autonomy for north
more state budget allocated to north
greater representation of north in parliament
Aims of MINUSMA in Mali
support political process, stabilise Mali, ensure security, protect civilians, assist reestablishment of state authority and protect and promote human rights
What has world vision Mali done in Mali
World vision Mali - trained 934 teachers and 20 functional book clubs
2700 booklets produced to improve children’s learning conditions Long term social impact as now children can make more informed decisions/ get good jobs
What has water aid done in Mali
Supported 41000 people with improved access to water and 57000 with improved sanitation operates in 5 regions and capital city
3.5 million people don’t have access to clean water
What is Malis capital city
Bamako
Challenges of global governance in Mali (injustice)
Socio-economic inequalities between north and south many feel disconnected to the state
Challenges of global governance in Mali (cultural)
Deep rooted cultural and linguistic divisions between Tuareg Arab and Songhai - a barrier to peace not all see Azawad as common territory
Social challenges of global governance in Mali
High levels of human trafficking , drug smuggling, kidnapping and corruption
Gov cant protect citizens from human rights abuses
Abductions, killings and problems of land mines + high rates of maternal and child mortality
Difficulties with UN governance in Mali
260 killed out of 15,000 deployed
8 peacekeepers killed by IED
Peacekeepers spread over thousands of kilometres making it difficult to prevent insurgancies
Results of global governance in Mali growth
GDP improved after it fell in the 2 years following coup
Reduction of reliance on imports 72 percent of exports are gold
UN - provides stability for development
Negatives of global governance
-Did not restore territorial integrity
-France left in 2021 after French generals left terrorist attacks started increasing
MINUSMA limited by lack of resources and increased frequency of violent attacks
could not control the legitimacy of regional government sand their violent security forces
Results of global governance in Mali stability
MINUSMA providing military forces and strengthening of police designed to minimise terrorist activity
Protect human rights
Re establishing sovereign state control of the north and the territorial integrity
French Prescence in Mali
Many in Mali felt that France should’ve been able to solve the problem however they did not made Malians angry 55 french troops killed by Tuareg forces
How many people were displaced by Mali conflict
374,000
Inequalities in Mali
|| rural(North) || Urban(south)
electricity 8.5 || 86
water pipes 33 || 92.5
paved roads 11.5 || 84
Sewage systems 1 || 43
health clinics 48 || 89
When was greater regional autonomy and peace declared for the Tuareg tribe
2015
